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Wind and the structure of tropical dry forest

Wind and the structure of tropical dry forest. Skip J. Van Bloem Depto. Agronom í a y Suelos Universidad de Puerto Rico -- Mayag ü ez. Hurricanes in SW Puerto Rico. 1899, 1928. 1891. 1867. 1738, 1772. 1738 , 1876. GUANICA. GEORGES 1998. 1896. 1996. 1780, 1816. 1901, 1926.

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Wind and the structure of tropical dry forest

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  1. Wind and the structure of tropical dry forest Skip J. Van Bloem Depto. Agronomía y Suelos Universidad de Puerto Rico -- Mayagüez

  2. Hurricanes in SW Puerto Rico 1899, 1928 1891 1867 1738, 1772 1738, 1876 GUANICA GEORGES 1998 1896 1996 1780, 1816 1901, 1926 Hurricanes in SW Puerto Rico

  3. Hurricane Effect

  4. Cause? Post-hurricane sprouting

  5. Sprout growth and survival

  6. Auxin Flex Ethylene Model for Hormonal Control

  7. Control Defoliation Static displacement Defoliation + displacement Dynamic displacement 500 400 300 200 100 0 Gymnanthes lucida Exostema caribaeum Bourreria succulenta Coccoloba diversifolia Ethylene Production Ethylene ppmv / surface area (m2)

  8. NEON: Domains

  9. NeoNEONPuerto Rico A LUQ GUA Cup

  10. NeoNEON Core Site:Guánica Forest Lizard & termite diversity Landuse effects on vegetation Forest structure & hurricane response Ant behavior Forest structure Nutrient cycling Isoprene emission Hurricane response Vireo studies Biodiversity Plot Forest structure Nutrient cycling Hurricane response Old tree plantations Forest structure Nutrient cycling Hurricane response Mangoose populations Wood decomp Wood decomp Wood decomp Litterfall Forest structure nutrient cycling Zenaida dove population Lizard & termite diversity Lizard & termite diversity Bats Wood decomp Cave insects Plant communities Lizard & termite diversity Soil contamination Cactoblastis attack Forest fragmentation Toad populations Forest structure & ecophysiology

  11. 50 Basal Area Height 40 30 morm2 / ha 20 10 0 India Guyana Thailand St. Lucia Bahamas DR Congo Venezuela Costa Rica Puerto Rico Height and Basal Area

  12. 42% multiple-stemmed Stem density 12 9 1000s / ha 6 3 0 India Guyana Thailand St. Lucia Bahamas DR Congo Venezuela Costa Rica Puerto Rico

  13. Tropical storms in the Atlantic figure credit: Todd Kimberlain NOAA

  14. Hurricane I pacts

  15. Mortality: 2% Basal Area Lost: 4 m2/ha (22%) Overall rate of stem damage: 13% Results

  16. Guánica Dry Forest Wet Forest Mortality % 2 11-16 1-58 Basal area loss % 21 7-14 10-58 % stems damaged 13 4-32 5-80 Damage in Context

  17. Size bias in stem damage x2 = 26.60 p < 0.0005

  18. Damaged and sprouting stems

  19. Defoliation and sprouting Number Percent

  20. Do little sprouts make big clumps?

  21. Sprout Development 75% of post-hurricane sprouts emerged below 40 cm 41%of post-hurricane sprouts emerged at the base

  22. Sprouting Related to Tree Form 100 80 60 Percent multistemmed trees of species 40 20 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 Median length of longest sprout (cm)

  23. Sprout survival

  24. Nutrient Return

  25. Conclusions • Hurricanes reduce forest size (height and basal area) • Hurricanes increase sprouting • Sprouts survive over time • Nutrients only indirectly involved in sprouting • Sprouting can lead to multiple-stemmed physiognomy • Sprouting mechanism likely controlled by hormone balance induced by high winds

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