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Understanding the Executive Branch: Requirements, Succession, and Roles

Delve into the essential aspects of the U.S. Executive Branch, including requirements such as being a native-born citizen and serving a 4-year term, as well as key roles like Chief Diplomat and Commander-in-Chief. Learn about the succession process and the diverse responsibilities of the President and Vice President. Explore the vital functions of the Executive Cabinet, comprising departments like Homeland Security and State. Enhance your knowledge of the structure and functions of the Executive Branch within the U.S. government.

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Understanding the Executive Branch: Requirements, Succession, and Roles

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  1. 6.1 Executive Branch – Requirements & Succession

  2. Requirements • Unlike Congress – MUST be Native-born citizen. • Age 35 + • U.S. Resident for 14+ years • TERM – 4 years. Up to 2 terms. FDR served 4 terms before the 22nd Amendment was passed.

  3. Other Facts • $400,000/yr salary + a lot of allowance and benefits. • Have all Presidents been W.A.S.P. Men? • Most presidents were lawyers and held political office before President.

  4. Vice President • Same requirements as President. WHY? • Salary $208,100/yr + allowances. • TWO real jobs – • President of Senate • Become President upon his death. • Many take on other roles in foreign policy, environmental issues, and many others.

  5. Presidential Succession • 8 presidents died in office, 1 resigned. • New President chooses New VP. • 20th Amendment – Order of Succession • Pres -> VP -> Speaker of House -> Pres Pro Temp -> President’s cabinet in order of creation. • Always One Designated Survivor

  6. 6.2 Roles of the President – A Man of Many Hats

  7. President – Chief Executive • Head of 15 cabinet departments. • Executive Order – a command with force of law. • Appoint Supreme Court Judges. • Grant Pardons (freedom of punishment), Reprieves (delaying sentence), & Commutation (lessening sentence).

  8. President – Chief Diplomat • Direct the foreign policy – secure friendly relations with other countries while protecting national security. • Make key decisions on U.S. actions and attitude toward other countries.

  9. President - Commander in Chief • Control over nation’s armed forces. • Congress can declare war, but President controls when and where troops act. • War Resolutions Act (1971) – President can send troops for up to 60 days without approval from Congress.

  10. President – Legislative Leader • Cannot introduce a bill, but is expected to propose ideas. • Each President gives the State of the Union Address, which addresses any issues the president would like to see Congress tackle. • Power to Veto or Pass laws

  11. President - Head of State • Ceremonial function, like dining with queens, and giving medals to heroes.

  12. President - Economic Leader • Expected to deal with our nation’s economic issues. • Plan each year’s federal budget.

  13. President - Party Leader • Leader of their political party • Helps raise party money and speak for campaigns of party members.

  14. 6.3 The Executive Cabinet – All the King’s Men

  15. President’s Cabinet • The Executive Branch also includes 15 departments. • These departments have changed and grown over the years to meet the needs of the American people. Homeland Security (2003) • Most of the heads of these departments are titled secretary; Secretary of Defense, Sec. Of Treasury. • The head of the Dept of Justice is the Attorney General.

  16. Department of State • Secretary of State • Foreign Policy - Head of Ambassadors (highest U.S. representative in other countries) and Consulates (represent commercial trade in other countries) • Also in charge of travel between countries – passports and visas. • Secretary Hillary Clinton

  17. Department of Defense • In charge of military; military bases, disaster relief, etc. • Secretary of Defense is a civilian – ensure nonmilitary control. • Advised by highest ranking officers of each branch of military – Joint Chiefs of Staff. • Secretary Robert Gates

  18. Other Departments • Dept. of Homeland Security – protect nation against further terrorist attacks. Secretary Janet Napolitano • Dept. of Treasury – promotes economic prosperity and stability. Secretary Timothy Geithner • Dept. of Justice – Supervise U.S. district attorneys and Marshalls, Legal advise to President, Supervise penal system. Attorney General Eric Holder

  19. Dept. of the Interior – National Parks and reserves, Native American reservations, and U.S. territories. Secretary Ken Salazar • Dept. of Agriculture – Controls agriculture market, food programs and USDA. Secretary Tom Vilsack • Dept. of Commerce – International market and trade, economic growth, and prevents unfair trade. Secretary Gary Locke • Dept. of Veteran’s Affairs – Provides benefits, education, burial, etc for U.S. Veterans. Secretary Eric Shinseki

  20. Dept. of Energy– Control Energy production, conservation, pricing electric, nuclear, oil, etc. Secretary Steven Chu • Dept. of Health and Human Services – Social Security, Medicaid, Cancer and AIDS research. Secretary Kathleen Sebelius • Dept. of Housing and Urban Development – Community development, housing laws, housing subsidies. Secretary Shaun Donovan • Dept. of Education – Education reform, student loans, vocational education, etc. Secretary Arne Duncan

  21. Dept. of Labor– Protects worker’s rights, maintains safe working environments, etc. Secretary Hilda Solis • Dept. of Transportation – Highway, Air control, Coast Guard, urban mass transit, etc. Secretary Ray LaHood • There is always room for more Executive Departments to be added.

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