Chapter 1,2,3

1. Chapter 1,2,3 Review

3. Discoveries before Columbus • @ 1,000 AD Leaf Ericson a Viking landed on Newfoundland, Canada. He named it Vinland • Early evidence of Africans making to South America • Crusades • Chinese and Indian traders • Marco Polo • Caravel ships and the Prevailing westerly's • Mali Kingdoms and the Portuguese slave trade • Dias and Vasco da Gama find way around Africa • Spanish lust for glory=Isabella and Ferdinand

9. Columbus • Why did Columbus make his Journey? • Desire for cheaper goods • Easier route to India • Race of nations • Mother countries needed new colonies for raw materials • Mariner’s compass • Six weeks to find Bahamas‘ • This discovery shook the world

11. The collision of Worlds / Columbian Exchange • The exchange of goods changed Europe, Americas, and Africa forever

13. The Triangle Trade • Triangle Trade= a trade route used by the British to move slaves, raw materials, and finished products

14. Spanish Conquistadores • Treaty of Tordesillas • Spanish seek gold, glory and route to India. They also wanted to convert all natives to Catholic • Spanish ship captains seeking their fortunes spread out throughout Caribbean

15. The Battle of Empires • 1532 Pizarro conquered Inca empire in Peru • Encomidia • Slavery in attempt to Christianize naives

16. Cortez • 1519 Cortez lands in Mexico • Burns his ships when he lands • Aztec’s believe him to be their god Quetzalcoatl • He is greeted with gifts of gold • Cortez takes over thanks to superior arms and smallpox • City is destroyed and made into Christian cathedrals • Spanish brought animals, language, and laws

22. Spanish America • Spain looked to Europeanize their colonies • Natives as slave labor • raw materials • Spanish missions • Christianity was forced on most of the native population

23. Spanish America • Spain spread as quickly as possible to stop the French and English from getting any of the New World • The Spanish influence spread up the Mississippi to California coast • Smallpox • Some tribes like the (Pueblo’s) resisted

24. EnglishBetter Late Than Never English religious conflicts keeps focus on home front King Henry VIII 1558 Elizabeth brings stability The Irish are crushed by the English

26. Elizabeth heads for the New World • Sir Francis Drake and the Pirates of the Caribbean • 1583 Raleigh and the lost colony of Roanoke • 1588 Spanish invasion of England. • Protestant Wind • This defeat would lead to Spanish downfall of New World • This English victory started the English on the path toward navel dominance • English confidence grows and turns toward New World

29. English Farmers hit hard • English population grows 3 million to 4 million • Landlords forced out small farmers • Many became unemployed and homeless • Rich became alarmed to homeless • First sons get it all

30. Joint Stock Companies • Definition: companies created to pool their money to finance a New Colony • Private investment granted by Royal Government • How was this different than the Spanish?

31. Reasons for English Colonization • Enclosure- small farmers forced out • Unemployed Farmers • Primogeniture-oldest son • Joint-Stock Company-investment • Peace with Spain • Adventure

32. Virginia, One More Time • Virginia Company settles Jamestown • Purpose was for gold and get rich quick • Site was chosen for defense but very unhealthy • Many died early • John Smith saves colony -“He who does not work does not eat” • Smith captured by Powhatan • Smith is saved by Pocahontas • Most colonist still died • Needed colonist who wanted permanent settlement not get rich quick

35. Colonist Battle Natives on Chesapeake • War with natives over food and power • Marriage between John Rolfe and Pocahontas • The battle rages on for 20 more years • Small Pox made it difficult for natives to re-populate • Europeans desperate need for land made victory for Powhatan’s near impossible

37. Natives of the New World • Natives were forced to change • Disease takes its toll even to those who never meet white man • Lakota take over the plains thanks to the horse • Groups broke into several bands and started new bands • Trade benefited and hurt natives • Some tribes grew in power while others lost power

38. Tobacco is King • John Rolf creates the Tobacco industry • As tobacco’s popularity grew in Europe more farmers got into the cash crop • This created a demand for land because of the nature of tobacco • Plantations created • Need for labor creates the slave trade • Early representative government found in Virginia “House of Burgesses”

40. Maryland: Catholic Haven • 1634 Lord Baltimore • Profits and refuge for Catholics • Huge estates were rewarded to family members • Surrounded by small (Protestant) farmers • Tobacco was King • Religious freedoms for all Christians only

41. The West Indies • By 1600’s English controlled Jamaica and most of West Indies • Sugar required large plantations and many workers • Required large amounts of cash but rewards were great • Slaves were brought from Africa • Black codes, the blueprint for the southern plantations • Imported food from North America

42. Carolinas • 1670 • After a bloody, religious civil war, colonization became a top priority • Started to work with the sugar islands for trade. They adopted their slave codes and slave trade • Used Savannah Indians to capture natives to be sold into slave trade in West Indies • Rice became principle crop • Imported slaves from Africa with rice growing experience • Charles town became the busiest sea port in the south, making it an ideal place for the aristocratic English to migrate

43. North Carolina • 1710 • Tobacco outcasts • Caught in between South Carolina and Virginia • Independent • Democratic government • Conquered Tuscarora nation , they later moved north to join the Iroquois Nation

44. Georgia • 1733 • Buffer Zone • Philanthropic experiment for imprisoned debtors, also produced silk, and wine • Slave free zone • State grew very slowly

45. Protestant Reformation • 1517 Martin Luther • 1536 John Calvin • 1530’s King Henry VIII Breaks ties with Catholic Church • Puritans break with Church of England • A small group Puritans called Separatist broke away from Church of England • These Separatist leave England and move to Holland

48. Finding Home in Plymouth • The Separatist leave Holland “Dutchification” • Waited for 8 years for ship • 1620 they leave for Northern Virginia • 65 days at sea • Find land in Massachusetts • Mayflower compact (Majority Rule) • First winter, 44 out of 102 die. Native stores provide only nourishment • Second winter 1621 William Bradford elected governor • First Thanksgiving • Plymouth was poor farming conditions but fishing and hunting helped for food

50. Bay Colony • 1629 Charles I dismisses Parliament and sectioned anti-Puritan persecutions of the Puritans • Fearing persecution moderate separatist secured a royal charter called Massachusetts Bay Colony • The Great Migration= 70,000 refugee’s left for New World. Some went to New England but most went to the West Indies • John Winthrop became first governor. Served for 19 years