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Athens Chapter 10 Section 3

Athens Chapter 10 Section 3. Geography of Athens. Location- Northeast of Sparta on the Aegean Coast. Athena - Guardian of Athens 1. Goddess of Wisdom and Strategic War 2. Gave Olive Tree to Athens. Athens had a large flat topped acropolis - famous today!

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Athens Chapter 10 Section 3

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  1. Athens Chapter 10 Section 3

  2. Geography of Athens • Location- Northeastof Spartaon theAegean Coast

  3. Athena- Guardian of Athens 1. Goddess of Wisdom and Strategic War 2. Gave Olive Tree to Athens

  4. Athens had a large flat topped acropolis- famous today! Definition of acropolis-

  5. Government of Athens A. Democracy- government by the people 1. Comes from Greek word Demokratia which meant “People Power”

  6. B. BeforeAthens became a Democracy 1. 750 BCE- Last Athenian king dethroned 2. 750-621 BCE- Few male, wealthylandowners rule (Oligarchy)

  7. 3.) Civil Warsalmost start between rich landowners with lots of power in the government and poor farmersandartisans with no power in government

  8. 4. 621-508 BCE- “TheAge of Tyrants” a. Time period when 4 men make hugechanges in Athens Government, eventually creating a Democracy!

  9. b. Tyranos - Greek word meant ruler who ruled alone c. Today, a tyrant is a cruel and harsh ruler

  10. C. How Athens Became a Democracy 1. 621 BCE- Draco- 1st Tyrant a. First Athenian to codify/write laws b. Made laws so harsh people almoststart civil wars c. Draconian means harshand cruel

  11. 2. 594 BCE- Solon- 2nd Tyrant a. Wrote first constitution- laws forming the basis for a government

  12. b. Limited amount of land one person could own! (IMPORTANT- More people can own land in Athens!)

  13. c. Allowed all landowners to be members of the Assembly (IMPORTANT- More people can take part in the government) d. New and improved Assembly- given power to make laws (IMPORTANT- this is “People Power”= Democracy)

  14. e. Creates Council- 500 men, chosen by lot, make agenda for Assembly 6.) Erased all debts and freed people enslaved because of debt!

  15. 3. 560 BCE- Peisistratus- 3rd Tyrant a. Allowed non-landowners to be Athenian citizens and be in Assembly (Poor people have voice in government!)

  16. 4. 508 BCE- Cleisthenes- 4th and most famous Tyrant a. Wrote world’s first Democratic Constitution- gave freedom of speech

  17. b. Assembly- Free Athenian male citizens over 20 years were members c. That’s right- women, children, slaves, and Metics- or foreigners working in Athens- all COULD NOT take part in government)

  18. d. Biggest job = make laws e. Elected 10 Generalsto serve as judges or magistrates f. One of these 10 men was elected CommanderinChief

  19. g. Councilof 500 i. Job- Write up recommendations/ideas for anylaws ii. Broken into 10 committees that made sure laws were carried out

  20. iii. How chosen: by lottery - names picked from hat - completely random and fair iv. looks, intelligence, wealth, and popularity couldn’t influence who was chosen!

  21. h. Ostracismor the Backward Election

  22. i. Once a year, Assembly met. Wrote on clay tablets name of man they feared might become too powerful ii. Man with most votes was banished from Athens for 10 years

  23. 5. Athens had a limited direct Democracy a. Limited means notallpeoplein Athenscouldvote (Slaves, women, and people born in other states/countries not citizens)

  24. b. Direct Democracy means citizensvote for or against laws that will influence their lives c. The United States has a RepresentativeDemocracy

  25. Education A. All men could take part in government, therefore all men must be educated so they could make intelligentand wise decisions

  26. 1. Boys studied with a tutor, known as a Pedagogue, or they studied in privateschools

  27. Studied music,math, and writing(strong mind to make wise decisions) 3. Practiced sports daily called gymnastics (strong bodies to defend the city-state)

  28. 4. Math was done with pebbles called calculus

  29. 5. Music- two instruments were practiced- the harp and lyre

  30. B. Girls were not formally educatedin schools 1. Lives revolved around home and family

  31. 2. Women did not go out at night, ever! 3. Those who went out in day were veiledor accompanied by another female

  32. C. Ephebic Oath 1. At 18or 20, boys went to the temple of Zeus or Athena and swore their oaths 2. Officially became a citizen

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