Sustainable Engineering

` Sustainable Engineering Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

“We have borrowed the earth from our children & not inherited it from our forefathers.” • The state of continuing for a long time. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Buildings ,their construction,operation demands the two third of the global energy. • In India commercial & residentail buildings demand 30 % of the total electricity. • Energy efficient systems can reduce the demand 40%. • . Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Sustainable Habitat- • Is an ecosystem that produces food & shelter for people & organisms with out resource depletion such a way that no external waste is produced • Green building: • Engineer should not consider no element as a waste product but as a nutrient stream for another product • Three Pillars for sustainable Habitat • 1.Natural Environment • 2. Built Environment • 3. Affordability. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

When designing sustainable habitat 2 goals are there. • Goal 1. • Incorporate design concepts & materials that minimize resource use,maximise energy & water efficiency,eliminate exposure to toxic chemicals • Prioratize human health & safety through out construction • Goal 2 • Identify ways & means such that the building & living can actually help protect the environment through practices • That restore nature in specific & meaningful ways. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

What to do... • Open Design – helps flow of natural light. • Use solar energy where roof has direct exposure to sunlight ( sky). • Sustainable houses take care of landscape , native plants. • Avoids use of toxic chemicals ( insecticides,herbicides) • Kitchen waste can be used as organic matter to enrich the soil. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Sustainable house has low impact on environment. • ( reduced energy consumption,carbon emissions, water emissions, materials , • surface water runoff, waste,pollution... Should be given high priority....) Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Guidelines for Sustainable habitat • Procurement: specific procurement stategies to ensure sustainable constuction requirements are addressed. • Site/environment: methods to reduce environment impact. • Material selection: Environment friendly material selection. • Waste prevention: • Recycling: on site recycling efforts. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Energy:methods to improve building energy performance. • Building & material reuse: • Construction technologies: new technologies can be adopted to reduce wastes. • Health & safety: of constuction workers. • Indoor environmental quality: Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Green buildings • Practice of Creating structures & processes that are environmentally responsible throughout building lifecycle from • Design • Construction. • Operation • Maintainance • renovation. • Deconstuction. • Benefits- Health risk, low ecological impact. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Objectives • Reduced energy consumption. • Reduced air water pollution. • Reduced water consumption. • Limited waste generation due to recycling & reuse. • Reduced pollution loads. • Increased user productivity. • Enhanced image & marketability. • Protecting the occupants health. • Reduced environmental degradation& improved daylighting Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Green materials for construction • Renewable sources: solar power. • Reuse from waste: old plumbing ,waste etc.. • Wool brick : made by wool & natural polymer • Sustainable concrete: use by products of steel manufacturing. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Solar tiles: absorbs energy from the sun. • Paper insulation : made from recycled newspapers. • Insect resistant & fire retadent. • Triple glazed windows: stops heat to enter the building • Use bamoo replacing steelbars Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Material selection: • Reduced maintainance • Environment friendly. • Energy conservation. • Improved occupant health & productivity. • Lower costs. • Greater design flexibility. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Five Main criteria for sustainable design. • Resource efficiency • Indoor air quality • Energy efficiency • Water conservation. • Affordability Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Resource efficiency • Maximise use of recycled materials-minimise use of virgin materials. • Natural, plentiful,renewable: • Durable: • Resource efficient manufacturing process: • Locally Availabe: • Refurbished,remanufactured: • Reusable & recyclable: • Recyclable product packaging: Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Indoor Air quality • Low volatile organic components: adhesives,paints etc... • Low or nontoxic- • Minimal chemical emissions: • Moisture resistant: • Healthfully maintained: • Systems or equipment Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Energy efficiency • Encourage use of eco-friendly refrigents • Maximise use of windows & fullglass exterior walls. • The lighting power density • Demonstrate the use of onsite renewable technologies Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Water conservation • Recharge ground water table & reduce muncipal water demand through effective rainwater management. • Water efficient fixtures,fittings,urinals...minimising water consumption. • Water & energy meters to monitor the consumption & conservation. • Design landscape ensuring minimum consumption of water. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Reduce water demand for irrigation.- adopt new techniques like drip irrigation system. • Wastewater treatment & reuse to handle 100% of waste water generated in building. • Use the treated wastewater for atleast 25% of the total water required for landscaping,flushing,coolig tower makeup water..etc Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Affordability • Can be considered when building product lifecycle costs are comparable to conventional materials as a whole. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Green building certification/ building rating system • Certification is done by different agencies. • Internationally accepted one is united states green building council.( USGBC). • Leadership in energy & environmental design ( LEED) • Is the program by USGBC.( developed in US) • In India rating is done by Green rarting for integrated habitat assessment.( GRIHA). • GRIHA is developed by energy & resource institute.( TERI) • TERI is endorsed by the ministy of new & renewable energy( MNRE).Government of India. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Certification programmes has been runing for the past 15 years. • 12 seperate green building certifications around the world. • LEED helps owners & operators a consise framework for identifying & implementing practicable & measureable green building design. • (Construction,operation,&maintanance solutions). • All process in LEED is open & tansparent process & is publically reviewed by 20000 member organisations. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

LEED awards points • One point – 50% recycling • Two point - 75% recycling • Three Point- 90% recycling. • If a building is made of reusable or refurberised materials that project can earn one / two points additionally. • LEEDCriteria- • Sustainable city- 14 • Water efficiency-5 • Energy & atmosphere-17 • Materials & resources- 13 • Indoor environmental quality-15 • Design & process innovation-4 • LEED accreditation professional-1 • Total=69 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Based on the above points- • 26-32 points- cerified • 33-38 points-silver rated • 39-51 points – gold rated • 52-69 points-platinum rated. • Some LEED rated buildings in India • Platinum rated- ITC green structure gurgaon. • CII – sohrabji Godrej Business centre Hyderabad. • Gold rated- Anna centenary library building Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

GRIHA - 2005 • Green rating for integrated habitat assessment • Developed by TERI- the energy & resources institute. • Aim: • Rate & accesses non or partially air conditioned commercial institutional & residential buildings • Registered under ministry of renewable energy in 2007 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Issues adressed by GRIHA • Pre construction stage- • like location.. • Building planning & construction stages- • Building Operation & maintence stage-- Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

GRIHA rated Buildigs • Common wealth village • Fortis hospital Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Benefits of green buildings. • Environmental benefits: • 1. Reduced indoor pollution • 2.Reduced water consumption • 3. Reduced energy,reduce carbon footprint. • 4. Low alteration to the environment. • 5. limited waste generation during construction & operation. • Economic Benefits: • Cost saving from reduced water & Grid energy. • Enhanced image & marketability of building • Cost saving from low energy building materials • Social Benefits: • Increased health & productivity of incubants Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Methods for increasing the energy efficiency of buildings. • Globally 1/3 of the energy is consumed for residential & commercial building. • Cooking , cooling, water heating...... • As pre capita income increases this demand hikes. • More probability in wastage of energy.. • Energy in building can be categorized into two types. • 1.Energy for maintainance/ servicing of a building during its useful time • 2. Energy capital that goes into the production of the building.( using various building materials). Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Concept energy efficient buildings • Protects the health of incubants. • Water efiiciency:- • reducing water consumption • Facility should be increased to collect water , reuse water on site. • Used water can be used as irrigation. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Material efficiency: • include rapidly renewed materials like bamboo,recycled stone ,recycled metel. • Building materials should be extracted & manufacured locally to minimize transportation. • Minimize waste, maximize recycle.. • Minimize noise,dust,etc.. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Waste reduction: • During construction, avoid wastes going to fill the land. • Make use of compost bins. • Energy Reduction: ( 3 Concepts) • Use less energy • Make more energy locally • Share surplus energy through a grid. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Examples • Organize information & awareness campaigns towards increasing energy efficiency in buildings. • Change the habits ( leaving rooms with lights own) • Light sensors..( measures rooms illumination). • Replace energy consuming equipments.. • Maximize use of windows.. • Use onsite generation of solar power. • The lighting power density of interior & exterior should be reduced by 10% in India.- Energy conservation building code). • Use passive design- Natural ventilation, white roofs... Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Building energy performance labels / cerification should be made mandatory. • Establishing & maintaining energy management systems in large public & commercial buildings.( Low cost). • Government should insist all buildings to follow energy codes. • Also insist • Minimum energy performance standards. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Sustainable cities • 20th century is the century of cities. • Cities help people to advance socially & economically. • 50% of the world’s population lives in cities. • Total urban population is expected to rise by 60 % by 2030, out of which 80 % will concentrate in Asia & Africa. • As cities expand so the slums around it also expand. • World cities occupy only 2% of world’s land but account for 60%-80% of global energy. • 75% of carbon emissions. • Cities should be sustainable. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Sustainable City ....? • Better environment to live in. • Building cities for a healthy future. • Should be developed with the factor considering environmental impact. • “ should meet inhabitants development needs without imposing unsustainable demands on local or global natural resources & systems.” Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Challenges to cities. • Food Supply & other necessary commodities • Fresh water • Energy • Heat Islands ( as absorbtion of heat energy), • Sanitation • Transportation, Slums( 1 billion),- reach 3 billion by 2050 • law & order( Floating population- anonymity) • Funds, • poverty, • Housing, • degrading environment. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Approaches to be followed • Change over population & overconsumption styles. • Urban agriculture • Good financial backing in above activities. • Rain water harvesting, ground water recharge • Reuse of wastewater • Invest in green buildings. • Create productive employment for older persons & reduce dependency. • Reduce unemployment. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

If we don’t correct..? • March 2016 tops the list with a global temperature 2.21°F (1.23°C) above the 20th century average. Even though September 2016 is the second-warmest September on record, it’s still on the list clocking in at 11th with temperatures 1.6°F (0.89°C) above average. • To find the most recent record cold month, you have to look all the way back to February 1929 when the global average temperature was 1°F (0.54°C) below the norm. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Climate & Conflict: Warmer World May be More Violent Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

A deserted drought-stricken village in Mauritania seen in 2011. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus - VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Sustainable Engineering