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Respiration and Breathing

Respiration and Breathing. 2. Video on Respiration. Respiration. Respiration is not just breathing in and out. Respiration takes place in all plant and animal cells for 24 hours a day.

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Respiration and Breathing

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  1. Respiration and Breathing 2

  2. Video on Respiration

  3. Respiration • Respiration is not just breathing in and out. • Respiration takes place in all plant and animal cells for 24 hours a day. • Respiration is the process of converting glucose into energy. It takes place in all plant and animal cells. • There are two types of respiration: • Aerobic respiration • Anaerobic respiration

  4. Aerobic Respiration Aerobic means using oxygen (with air) and it is the most efficient method of energy production Word equation Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy Symbol equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

  5. Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic means without oxygen (without air). It is not the best way way to make energy so is only used when oxygen is in short supply. Word equation for Humans Glucose = Lactic acid + Energy Word equation for yeast Glucose = Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy Sometimes called Fermentation, it is used in bread and wine making

  6. Problems with Anaerobic Respiration in Humans • When our bodies cannot supply our muscles with enough oxygen they respire anaerobically, causing: • a build up lactic acid which is painful, • an oxygen debt which must be repaid, • a rise in pulse & breathing rates. • Recovery time depends on level of fitness.

  7. The Lungs Larynx Cartilage ring Windpipe Left lung Bronchus Heart Right lung Diaphragm

  8. Trachea Bronchus Bronchiole Alveoli Ribs Intercostal muscles Diaphragm Plural fluid carries air from the mouth one goes to each lung small branching tubes split bronchi air sack where gasses are exchanged protect the heart and lungs pull ribs and sternum up and out moves up and down during breathing lubricates the thoracic cavity Lungs and Breathing

  9. Video on Breathing

  10. Diaphragm _______ Intercostals _______ Rib cage _________ Thorax volume __________ Air pressure ______ Air drawn in Diaphragm ________ Intercostals _______ Rib cage _________ Thorax volumes __________ Air pressure _______ Air forced out Breathing In and Out Inspiration Expiration

  11. Diaphragm contracts Intercostals contract Rib cage raised Thorax volume increases Air pressure lowered Air drawn in Diaphragm relaxes Intercostals relax Rib cage lowers Thorax volumes decreases Air pressure raised Air forced out Breathing In and Out Inspiration Expiration

  12. Composition of Inhaled and Exhaled Air

  13. Diffusion in the Alveoli Deoxygenated Blood Air In & Out CO2 O2 Alveolus Blood Capillary Oxygenated Blood

  14. Structure and Function of Alveoli • The Alveoli are where gaseous exchange takes place. For this they have: • an enormous surface area • a moist lining • very thin walls • an excellent blood supply. • Oxygen passes into the blood. • Carbon dioxide passes out of the blood.

  15. Gas Exchange at the Cells Body Cells CO2 O2 Blood Capillary Tissue Fluid

  16. Effects of Smoking on the Lungs • Carbon Monoxide paralyses cilia so mucus cannot be carried away. • Tar solidifies in the lungs irritating cells to produce more sticky mucus. • Bronchitis. • Emphysema • Lung cancer. cough cough

  17. Effects of Smoking on the Body • Carbon Monoxide reacts with Haemoglobin preventing the carriage of Oxygen. • Nicotine is addictive. • Nicotine makes blood sticky causing blood pressure to rise. • Heart attacks and strokes.

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