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Language change

Language change. Language change. Why do languages change?. Language change. Why do languages change? Individual change. Language change. Why do languages change? Individual change innovations by a single person which then spread. Language change. Why do languages change?

flynn-sweeney
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Language change

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  1. Language change

  2. Language change • Why do languages change?

  3. Language change • Why do languages change? • Individual change

  4. Language change • Why do languages change? • Individual change • innovations by a single person which then spread.

  5. Language change • Why do languages change? • Individual change • innovations by a single person which then spread. • Community change

  6. Language change • Why do languages change? • Individual change • innovations by a single person which then spread. • Community change • As changes spread out among more and more people, they can move wavelike out through a given language community

  7. Language change • Why do languages change? • Innovations can spread across languages of varying communities.

  8. Language change • Why do languages change? • Innovations can spread across languages of varying communities. • French uvulear /r/

  9. Language change • Why do languages change? • Innovations can spread across languages of varying communities. • French uvulear /r/ • Most likely began as individual change among certain members of nobility.

  10. Language change • Why do languages change? • Innovations can spread across languages of varying communities. • French uvulear /r/ • Most likely began as individual change among certain members of nobility. • Came to be considered standard.

  11. Language change • Why do languages change? • Innovations can spread across languages of varying communities. • French uvulear /r/ • Most likely began as individual change among certain members of nobility. • Came to be considered standard. • Has now spread to neighboring languages.

  12. Language change • The Linguistic History of English

  13. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • The first Germanic languages speakers arrived in 4th century as Roman mercenaries.

  14. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • The first Germanic languages speakers arrived in 4th century as Roman mercenaries. • After Rome left Britain (late 4th century), Germanic people, mostly Anglo-Frisians, began invading Britain.

  15. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • The first Germanic languages speakers arrived in 4th century as Roman mercenaries. • After Rome left Britain (late 4th century), Germanic people, mostly Anglo-Frisians, began invading Britain. • For more than 600 years, the Anglo-Saxons pushed back against the Celtic inhabitants of Britain.

  16. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • The Anglo-Saxons never conquered all of England. The Welsh speaking kingdom of Rheged was conquered by the Normans in 1165. Rheged was in NW England.

  17. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • The Anglo-Saxons never conquered all of England. The Welsh speaking kingdom of Rheged was conquered by the Normans in 1165. Rheged was in NW England. • The Norman French (Norse-French) officially conquered Anglo-Saxon England in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings.

  18. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • The move from Anglo-Saxon to Middle and Modern English is typified by a simplification of the grammar - moving from a more German like structure to one more like French. Inflectional morphemes were reduced and gender essentially disappeared.

  19. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Nom. cyningAcc. cyningGen. cyningesDat/Inst. cyninge • Verb: deme demaþ demst “ demþ “

  20. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Nom. cyningAcc. cyningGen. cyningesDat/Inst. cyninge • Verb: deme demaþ demst “ demþ “

  21. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Lexical change

  22. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Lexical change • Addition - many French words were added after 1066.

  23. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Lexical change • Addition - many French words were added after 1066. • Loss - many previous words from the Anglo-Saxon period were lost over time, replaced by French words.

  24. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Lexical change • Addition - many French words were added after 1066. • Loss - many previous words from the Anglo-Saxon period were lost over time, replaced by French words. • Change - meaning change, hund once meant any kind of dog, but hound is a particular kind.

  25. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Phonetic change

  26. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Phonetic change • The great vowel shift

  27. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Phonetic change • The great vowel shift • /ae/ - /e/- /i/ - /ay/ • five

  28. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Phonetic change • The great vowel shift • /ae/ - /e/- /i/ - /ay/ • five • /]/ - /o/ - /u/ - /aw/ • town

  29. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Phonetic change • The great vowel shift • /ae/ - /e/- /i/ - /ay/ • five • /]/ - /o/ - /u/ - /aw/ • town • We can also see rule loss and rule change

  30. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Differences in Phonemic inventory

  31. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Differences in Phonemic inventory • Morphological change

  32. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Differences in Phonemic inventory • Morphological change • ex. Adoption of -able suffix from French • restriction of ‘ing’ ending

  33. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Differences in Phonemic inventory • Morphological change • ex. Adoption of -able suffix from French • restriction of ‘ing’ ending • Syntactic change

  34. Language change • The Linguistic History of English • Differences in Phonemic inventory • Morphological change • ex. Adoption of -able suffix from French • restriction of ‘ing’ ending • Syntactic change • noun/adj agreement • main versus aux. Verbs.

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