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Exogenous Pigments and Pneumoconioses: Pathological Classification and Effects on Health

Understand the classification and effects of exogenous pigments like traumatogenic and gastrointestinal substances, and pneumoconioses caused by inhaled dust particles. Learn about conditions like silicosis, asbestosis, and coal workers’ disease, their stages, pathogenesis, complications, and implications on health.

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Exogenous Pigments and Pneumoconioses: Pathological Classification and Effects on Health

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  1. General Pathology Basic Principles of Cellular and Organ Pathology Exogenous Pigments Jaroslava Dušková Inst. Pathol. ,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ. Prague

  2. Pigments Definition: colored substances in the organism or environment

  3. Pigments Classification: • endogenous • hemoproteins derived • autogenous • exogenous

  4. Exogenous Pigments -colored substances entering the organism via • traumatic lesions • gastrointestinal tract • respiratory tract

  5. Exogenous Pigmentation • traumaticorigin – tatuatio traumatica, arteficialis • gastrointestinal tract – intoxicatio Pb, Ag, Au, Fe (!)

  6. Exogenous Pigmentation • traumaticorigin – tatuatio traumatica, arteficialis mechanic instilation of inert dyes (china ink) into the deep dermis

  7. Tatuatio arteficialis - therapy • LASER = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation • low performance laser – biostimulation • high performance laser – destruction of pigmentation shifts – postinflammatory, melasma, tatoo • SURGERY / CRYOSURGERY • COMBINATION • COVER UP

  8. Tatoo • inert – persistent • macrophage degraded • macrophage transported secondary lymph node pigmentation

  9. Exogenous Pigmentation • gastrointestinal tract – intoxicatio Pb, Ag, Au, Fe (!)

  10. Exogenous Pigmentation through Airways PNEUMOCONIOSES Def.: conditions or diseases elicited with dust particles inhalation (<5)

  11. Pneumoconioses –coniosis simplex (anthracosis, siderosis) – coniofibrosis (silicosis, asbestosis, coal workers disease, siderosis) – coniotoxicosis  conioalergosis (byssinosis, berylliosis) organic dusts

  12. Anthracosis Def.: pneumoconiosis caused by inert coal-like dust (without quartz admixture) no symptoms = coniosis simplex 100% population prevalence

  13. Silicosis Def.: pneumoconiosis caused by quartz dust with pronounced fibrosis response CONIOFIBROSIS • long lasting exposition (20–40 years) • progression even after exposure elimination • part of miners disease • affinity to other lung diseases (tbc)

  14. Silicosis Stages: • diffuse reticular fibrosis (often clinically silent) • silicotic nodules (+ perifocal emphysema) • massive fibrosis

  15. Silicosis Pathogenesis: toxic activity of quartz dust to macrophages • production of PDGF1, IGF-1, fibronectin • chemotaxins, IL-8 • enzyme activation, • lung injury, inflammation, • FIBROSIS

  16. Silicosis Complications: pulmonary fibrosis pulmonary hypertension cor pulmonale Cause of death cardiorespiratory insuffitiency

  17. Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis - CWP • Coal macules- dust laden macrophages • Coal nodules – mild collagen admixture Advanced • Combined silicosis & anthracosis complicated often with tbc

  18. Asbestosis Def.: pneumoconiosis caused by Asbestos fibrils with pronounced fibrotising response CONIOFIBROSIS Asbestos fibrillar mineral with various forms and fibrogenic capacity • chrysotile (90%), amosite, croccydolite etc.

  19. Asbestosis Pathogenesis: toxic influence due to fibrils size and concentration • fibrosis with feruginous bodies • hyalin pleural plaques • risk of mesotelioma and lung carcinoma • pleural effusions („mesot. in situ“ – Bedrosjan 2004) • other neoplasiae?

  20. Pneumoconioses –coniosis simplex (anthracosis, siderosis) – coniofibrosis (silicosis, asbestosis, coal workers disease, siderosis) --------------------- – coniotoxicosis  conioalergosis (byssinosis, berylliosis,….)

  21. Coniotoxicosis  Conioalergosis • Berylliosis • acute - toxic pneumonitis • chronic – non caseating granulomas • Byssinosis – cotton dust • Farmer´s lung – moldy hay, actinomycetes, • Bird fanciers disease - bird dust

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