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Exploring Acids, Bases, and pH in Physical Science

Learn about the properties of acids and bases, including how they taste, feel, and react, as well as their impact on litmus paper. Discover the role of hydronium and hydroxide ions, the strength of different acids and bases, the significance of pH, and the use of indicators to test for acidity or alkalinity. Explore the effects of pH on plants, water bodies, and living organisms like fish and amphibians. Understand the importance of maintaining a balanced pH level in various environments.

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Exploring Acids, Bases, and pH in Physical Science

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  1. Acids, Bases, and pH Physical Science Chapter 9.2

  2. Properties of Acids • Create a sour taste in foods (lemons) • React with metals to produce hydrogen gas (H2) • Change color of blue litmus paper to red • Can be very corrosive, destroying metals and burning skin through chemical reactions

  3. Acids Make Hydronium Ions • Acids make hydronium ions when dissolved in water • Hydronium ions (H3O+)

  4. Properties of Bases • Create a bitter taste • Have a slippery feel, like soap • Change the color of red litmus paper to blue • Can be very corrosive, destroying metals and burning skin through a chemical reaction

  5. Bases Produce Hydroxide Ions • Bases produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water • Hydroxide ions (OH-) • aka Alkaline

  6. Strength of Acids and Bases • Strong Base • Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) • Dissociates completely to NA+ and OH- • Weak Base • Ammonia (NH3) • Only a few molecules react to form NH4+ and OH- • Strong Acid • Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) • Completely dissolves into H+ ions • Weak Acid • Acetic Acid (HC2H3O2) • Only as small percentage break apart into H+ ions

  7. Water • A Weak Base • In presence of base, it acts as an acid • A Weak Acid • In presence of acid, it acts as a base

  8. pH • Potential for Hydrogen • pH scale 0-14 • <7 is acid • 0 is strong acid • >7 base • 14 is strong base • 7 is neutral

  9. pH Indicators • Chemicals that turn different colors when exposed to acids or bases. • Red cabbage juice • Litmus paper • Made from lichens • Blue turns red with acids • Red turns blue with bases • pH paper • Tests both acids and bases

  10. pH and the Environment • Plants require specific range of pH, 5-7 • Some plants change color based on pH, hydrangea • Blue in acid soil • Cream in neutral soil • Pink/purple in alkaline soil • Ponds, etc. range of 6-8 • Most fish tolerate 5-9 • Most amphibians tolerate 6-8

  11. Acids, Bases, and You • Stomach acid (pH 1.4) protected by mucus lining • Ulcer, heartburn • Blood pH 7.3-7.5 • Too much CO2 makes blood acidic, regulate CO2 level by automatic breathing changes

  12. Neutralization Reaction • When you mix an acid and a base, they neutralize each other, making water and a salt • Sodium bicarbonate and an upset stomach

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