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Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety Disorders. Kimberley Clow kclow2@uwo.ca http://instruct.uwo.ca/psychology/ 155b. Outline. Finish Theory & Methods Lecture Humanistic to End Anxiety Disorders Phobias Specific Social Agoraphobia Panic Disorder Agoraphobia connection Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

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Anxiety Disorders

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  1. Anxiety Disorders Kimberley Clow kclow2@uwo.ca http://instruct.uwo.ca/psychology/155b

  2. Outline • Finish Theory & Methods Lecture • Humanistic to End • Anxiety Disorders • Phobias • Specific • Social • Agoraphobia • Panic Disorder • Agoraphobia connection • Obsessive Compulsive Disorder • Generalized Anxiety Disorder • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

  3. Age of Onset Phobia Phobias • Different phobias seem to emerge at different ages • Related to experience? • 3 Main Types • Specific Phobias • Social Phobias • Agoraphobia

  4. Specific Phobias • 4 Major Subtypes • Animal • Natural Environment • Blood, Illness, Injections • Situations

  5. Social Phobia • Excessive fear of social situations in which a person might be evaluated and possibly embarrassed • Public speaking • Meeting strangers • Using public washrooms • Eating in public • Eating while people are watching you

  6. Agoraphobia • An intense fear of being in public places where escape or help may not be readily available • Crowded places • Driving on a bridge or tunnel • Using the subway • Enclosed spaces

  7. Causes? • Psychoanalysis • Phobias occur when unconscious sexual impulses threaten to emerge into consciousness • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) • Phobias are acquired through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning • Biological Approach • People are biologically prepared to develop certain fears

  8. DiathesesStress Model

  9. Panic Disorder

  10. Causes? • Biological Factors • Genetics • Suffocation False Alarm Theory • Cognitive Factors • Misperceive regular body sensations as potentially dangerous events • Again, it is our interpretations that cause our emotions and behaviour

  11. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Have you ever tried NOT to think of something? • Food when dieting? • An ex after a break-up? • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Involves recurrent obsessions or compulsions that are serious enough to adversely affect a person's life

  12. Most Common Obsessions • Fear of contacting dirt, germs, or of touching infected people or objects • Disgust over body waste or secretions • Undue concern that a job has not been done adequately, even when the person knows that it was done well • Fear of committing a crime or hurting someone • Fear of shouting obscenities or insults • Fear of thinking antireligious or sexual thoughts

  13. Causes? • Biological Factors • Genetics • CBT • Learned an inappropriate and now vicious reinforcement cycle that is difficult to break

  14. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) • Excessive worry and anxiety • What causes someone to be a “Worry Wart”?

  15. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

  16. Causes? • Biological Factors • Pysiological Hyperreactivity • Family Systems • Family instability • Cognitive Factors • Shattering Assumptions • Other Factors • Preexisting Distress • Coping Style • Social Support

  17. Frequency of Anxiety Disorders

  18. Treatment of Anxiety Disorders • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy • Exposure is key • Baby steps • Work through trauma for PTSD • Pair with relaxation training • Debate irrational thoughts • That symptoms are catastrophic (Panic Disorder) • That stimulus is harmful (Phobia) • Drugs • Medication without CBT has proven to be only temporarily helpful • Many negative side-effects and some are addictive • Relapse is common

  19. Treatment of OCD in Particular • In addition to the therapy in the movie… • Medication • SSRIs • Helps up to 60% of patients; High relapse • CBT • Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) • Psychosurgery • Lesion to the cingulate bundle • Succeeds in approximately 30% of cases

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