1 / 7

Ammonia & H aber process

Ammonia & H aber process. What is ammonia?. Ammonia (NH 3 ) is one of the most commonly produced industrial chemicals in the United States In the environment, ammonia is part of the nitrogen cycle and is produced in soil from bacterial processes.

fonda
Download Presentation

Ammonia & H aber process

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Ammonia & Haber process

  2. What is ammonia? • Ammonia (NH3) is one of the most commonly produced industrial chemicals in the United States • In the environment, ammonia is part of the nitrogen cycle and is produced in soil from bacterial processes. • Ammonia is also produced naturally from decomposition of organic matter, including plants, animals and animal wastes.

  3. Chemical and physical properties • At room temperature, ammonia is a colorless, highly irritating gas with a pungent, suffocating odor. • In pure form, it is known as anhydrous ammonia and is hygroscopic (readily absorbs moisture). • Ammonia has alkaline properties and is corrosive. • Ammonia gas dissolves easily in water to form ammonium hydroxide, a caustic solution and weak base. • Ammonia gas is easily compressed and forms a clear liquid under pressure. • Ammonia is usually shipped as a compressed liquid in steel containers. • Ammonia is not highly flammable, but containers of ammonia may explode when exposed to high heat.

  4. Dangers • Excess amounts of ammonia, however, or too much ammonia applied too close to the plant (closer than several inches) can damage or even kill the plant. Ammonia is also lost quickly into the air, so it must be injected beneath the soil surface to ensure sufficient retention.

  5. The Haber Process The Haber Process combines nitrogen from the air with hydrogen derived mainly from natural gas (methane) into ammonia. The reaction is reversible and the production of ammonia is exothermic.

  6. The catalyst • The catalyst is actually slightly more complicated than pure iron. It has potassium hydroxide added to it as a promoter - a substance that increases its efficiency. • The pressure • The pressure varies from one manufacturing plant to another, but is always high. You can't go far wrong in an exam quoting 200 atmospheres. • Recycling • At each pass of the gases through the reactor, only about 15% of the nitrogen and hydrogen converts to ammonia. (This figure also varies from plant to plant.) By continual recycling of the unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen, the overall conversion is about 98%.

  7. Haber-Bosch Process The Haber Process, also called the Haber-Bosch Process, is a complex chemical procedure that takes nitrogen from the air and under high pressures and temperatures combines it with hydrogen to produce ammonia. This ammonia is the base of the synthetic nitrogen fertilizers increasingly used around the world today.

More Related