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DNA --The Blueprint of Life

DNA --The Blueprint of Life. “The Twisted Ladder”. “The Double Helix”. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. The Genetic Code. Genetic - relates to heredity Heredity - The passing of traits from the parents to their young. Traits - Characteristic that a living thing can pass on to its young, (eye color)

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DNA --The Blueprint of Life

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  1. DNA--The Blueprint of Life “The Twisted Ladder” “The Double Helix” DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

  2. The Genetic Code • Genetic - relates to heredity • Heredity - The passing of traits from the parents to their young. • Traits - Characteristic that a living thing can pass on to its young, (eye color) • Characteristic - A description of a trait , (blue eyes)

  3. The Genetic Code • Genetic code - is the store information that is passed from one generation to the next. • Transformation - the exchange of genetic information between 2 different (but similar) organisms.

  4. The Genetic Code • Transforming Factor - A scientist named Avery discovered through experimentation that DNA is the molecule responsible for transformation .

  5. The Structure of DNA • Nucleotide - The base unit of structure to form the DNA molecule • Three basic parts of a nucleotide • 1. Deoxyribose - a sugar made of 5 carbon atoms • 2. Phosphate group • 3. Nitrogenous, or nitrogen base

  6. The Structure of DNA • Nitrogenous Bases • PURINES - PYRIMIDINES • Adenine *Cytosine • Guanine * Thymine

  7. The Structure of DNA • Nucleotides form long chains using the deoxyribose (sugar) and the phosphate groups as the backbone and the nitrogenous bases stick out from the chain.

  8. The Structure of a Nucleotide Nitrogenous base Phosphate group Deoxyribose (sugar)

  9. The Nucleotide--A more Technical View

  10. The Structure of Organic Bases PURINES Guanine Adenine PYRIMIDINES Cytosine Thymine

  11. The Structure of DNA Nucleotide Chain Nitrogenous bases BACKBONE

  12. The Structure of DNA • The Double Helix • Watson and Crick discovered the twisting (spiral shape) of the DNA molecule. • Stole the research from Rosalind Franklin to determine the shape • Stole the research from Erwin Chargaff to determine the arrangement of the purines and pyrimidine bases

  13. The Structure of DNA • Watson and Crick won the Nobel Prize in 1962 for their discoveries. • Why didn’t Rosalind Franklin earn the Nobel Prize?

  14. The Replication Of DNA • Base Pairing • Thymine will only bond to Adenine in the DNA molecule • Cytosine will only bond with Guanine in the DNA molecule

  15. The Replication Of DNA Base Pairing (Naming of Bases) • Thymine ( T ) • Cytosine ( C ) • Guanine (G) • Adenine ( A )

  16. The Replication Of DNA • Base Pairing • To show a nucleotide chain it is abbreviated A-C-T-G-T-A-T-A-T-C-G-C-C-G • To each of the bases above they would have the matching base below T-G-A-C-A-T-A-T-A-G-C-G-G-C • These are the opposite base nucleotides

  17. The Replication Of DNA • Base Pairing “A” to “T” is a double bond “C” to “G” is a triple bond These Hydrogen bonds make the molecule twist A-C-T-G-T-A-T-C-G T-G-A-C-A-T-A-G-C

  18. The Replication of DNA • Replication - the process in which DNA makes a copy of itself before the cell can divide. • This process ensures that the two new daughter cells have the same DNA

  19. Replication Process A-T-C-G-G-T-A-T-A-C-C-G-C-T-A-T T-A-G-C-C-A-T-A-T-G-G-C-G-A-T-A

  20. Replication Process A-T-C-G-G -T-A-T-A-C-C-G T-A-G-C-C -A-T-A-T-G-G-C Enzyme

  21. Replication Process A-T-C-G-G -T-A-T-A-C-C-G T-A-G-C-C -A-T-A-T-G-G-C

  22. Replication Process A-T-C-G-G -T-A-T-A-C-C-G T-A-G-C-C -A-T-A-T-G-G-C

  23. Replication Process A-T-C-G-G -T-A-T-A-C-C-G T-A-G-C-C -A-T-A-T-G-G-C

  24. Replication Process A-T-C-G-G -T-A-T-A-C-C-G T-A-G-C-C -A-T-A-T-G-G-C

  25. Replication Process -T-A-T-A-C-C-G A-T-C-G-G T-A-G-C-C -A-T-A-T-G-G-C

  26. Replication Process -T-A-T-A-C-C-G A-T-C-G-G T-A-G-C-C -A-T-A-T-G-G-C

  27. Replication Process -T-A-T-A-C-C-G A-T-C-G-G T-A-G-C-C -A-T-A-T-G-G-C

  28. Replication Process -T-A-T-A-C-C-G A-T-C-G-G T-A-G-C-C -A-T-A-T-G-G-C

  29. Replication Process -T-A-T-A-C-C-G A-T-C-G-G T-A-G-C-C -A-T-A-T-G-G-C

  30. Replication Process -T-A-T-A-C-C-G A-T-C-G-G T-A-G-C-C -A-T-A-T-G-G-C

  31. Replication Process -T-A-T-A-C-C-G A-T-C-G-G T-A-G-C-C -A-T-A-T-G-G-C

  32. Replication Process -T-A-T-A-C-C-G A-T-C-G-G T-A-G-C-C-A-T-A-T-G-G-C A-T-C-G-G-T-A-T-A-C-C-G T-A-G-C-C -A-T-A-T-G-G-C

  33. THE END ?

  34. It is Quiz Time Please take out a clean sheet of paper

  35. Question 1 • What does the abbreviation DNA stand for? Please spell it the best you can!

  36. Question 2 • True or False • An example of a trait is “hair color”

  37. Question 3 • True or False • If someone tells you that you have beautiful brown eyes, they are complimenting a characteristic.

  38. Question 4 • True or False • Heredity is the passing of a trait from the parents to the offspring

  39. Question 5 • What did “Avery” discover in his experiments? • A. Protein is the transforming factor • B. DNA is the transforming factor • C. RNA is the transforming factor

  40. Question 6 • Fill in the blank • The base unit of structure that makes up the DNA molecule is the _____________. It contains 3 basic parts

  41. Question 7 • What are the nitrogen bases that make up the purines? • adenine • thymine • cytosine • guanine

  42. Question 8 • What are the nitrogen bases that make up the pyrimidines? • adenine • thymine • cytosine • guanine

  43. Question 9 • What 2 parts of the DNA molecule builds the backbone? • Phosphate group • Deoxyribose Sugar • Nitrogen Base • Purines • Pyrimidines

  44. Question 10 • What did Watson and Crick steal from Rosalind Franklin?

  45. Question 11 • What did Watson and Crick steal from Erwin Chargaff?

  46. Question 12 • What did Waston and Crick earn for all their hard work?

  47. Question 13 • Why didn’t Rosalind Franklin earn the same prize?

  48. Question 14 • What two nitrogen base pairs always pair together in the DNA molecule? • Please write the entire base name out • spell the best you can

  49. Question 15 • What is the abbreviation for the following nitrogen bases • 1. Adenine • 2. Thymine • 3. Guanine • 4. Cytosine

  50. Question 16 • Why must a cell replicate it’s DNA before it divides?

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