Technology In Sports Matt Kidd & John Harrison

1. Technology In SportsMatt Kidd & John Harrison

2. Outline • Sports • National Football League & Replay • Major League Baseball & Replay • Tennis & Racquet Technology • Hawkeye • Golf & Equipment Development • ShotLink • Surgery • Prosthetics • Social Media and Sports • Activity

3. Sports science: Concussions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFkWTGKNLT8 Concussions http://espn.go.com/espn/otl/story/_/id/8311371/significant-advances-being-made-concussion-research-universities-nationwide

4. Concussions • Hit System, C3 Logix • Senior U.S. District Judge Anita Brody is considering whether a $765 million settlement is enough to resolve all claims against the NFL • Denied a motion for preliminary approval • She is skeptical that the fund is not large enough to cover up to 20,000 players for 65 years • Junior Seau • Prominent linebacker for the San Diego Chargers • Committed suicide because of possible brain injuries from concussions

5. Catapult Technology http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3nGj2z61gs • Uses a device that players wear in the back of their pads • About half of the NFL, NBA, and European soccer teams are using this technology • Tracks players every movement on the game field and at practice • Changing the way teams practice, recover from injuries, and even plan for games • Can analyze data after a win or loss to see what a team is doing right or wrong “the next level of tracking will pinpoint player movements within 15 centimeters, giving coaches acceleration, distance covered, speed, explosion times, exertion, hitting force and every other imaginable piece of data on a player's specific movements, all from wearing a 3.5-ounce monitor between their shoulder blades.” http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/nfl/news/20130828/nfl-catapult-technology/

7. Replay in the NFL • Rule Proposal 9at the NFL Annual Meeting, which says that referees can consult with the officiating department in New York during replay reviews. • What is reviewable ? • Calls involving sidelines, goal lines and end lines • Calls involving passes • Down by contact • Players on the field • Spot of the ball • Field goals http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/nfl-review-rules1.htm

8. Replay in the MLB

9. Baseball Review through MLB Advanced Media • 17,214 miles of video cable have been installed around the country and 42 tons of equipment shipped to all 30 baseball parks • 900 square foot Replay Operations Center BAM headquarters • 37 high definition monitors • Instant communication to every ballpark • In 2,432 games last season, umpires missed 377 calls. That’s one missed call every 6.4 games (says the MLB…) • High level of proficiency

10. What’s reviewable and what’s not ? • Force plays and tag plays will account for a majority of replays • Fair or foul • Hit by pitch • Timing plays (did a runner score before the last out) • Home runs • Ground rule doubles • Catwalks (hitting the roof) • Fielders jumping into stands • Fan interference • Obstruction • Infield fly rule • Check swings • Foul tips • Balls over first and third base • Tag-ups What is What isn’t Each manager gets one challenge & everything after the 7th is reviewed by umpires http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/official_rules/replay_review.jsp

11. Questionable Calls • Armando Galarraga was one out away from a perfect game before first base umpire Jim Joyce incorrectly called the runner safe. Both later admitted that is was a blown call. (Tigers vs Indians – June 2, 2010) • Perfect game has only been done 21 times since the modern era in 1900 • First baseman for the Cardinals goes for a catch and ends up pushing a fan. • Call could have been challenged but the fan was within his domain and had every right to the ball

12. BAM Technology (MLB Advanced Media – Bob Bowman) • Can compare outfielders and determine who would have been in a better position to make the catch • Could another player have made the catch without diving or sliding? • Tracks “first step,” top speed, and acceleration • Offensive side • Batted ball speed • Launch angle – degree the ball leaves the bat • Distance ball traveled • Hang time • Similar to catapult in NFL by being able to analyze players movement • http://msn.foxsports.com/mlb/story/baseball-technology-is-about-to-rock-our-worlds-030314

13. Impacts of Replay • Improved or lessened the game (review time / technology)? • Precision ofHD cameras and HD televisions ?

14. Progression of Tennis Racquets

15. Wooden Racquet 21st century racquet Lighter frame Generally made from titanium or carbon fiber Higher swing speed & head speed Creates more spin More aerodynamic racquets (i.e. babolat aero drive) More spin Synthetic string • Heavy frame • Flat shot • Old strings (cat gut) • Strings did not grip the ball as well

16. Tennis Hawkeye http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhQyVnwBXBs

17. Why not review every call (tennis/baseball/football)? Pros Cons

18. Golf • GPS positioning devices ($80+ with some costing hundreds) • A player can see how far they are from most major points on a hole • Laser Range Finders (Bushnell -- ~$160)

19. Shotlink • In 1992 IBM became the official technology partner of the PGA TOUR and provided a complete scoring system. • In 1999 an analysis of the scoring system was conducted to determine a strategy for the future. • This system would become known as ShotLink. • Digital Image of each hole and then once the shot is hit, the Laser operators use survey grade equipment to locate each golf ball and assign its exact location coordinates • In 1998 IBM renewed its partnership as the World Wide Technology Partner of the PGA TOUR.

20. Progression of the Golf Ball • Hard wooden • made from beech and box trees by carpenters

21. Golf Balls • Featherie • Hand sewn leather pouch stuffed with chicken or goose feathers and coated in paint

22. Golf Balls • Gutta-percha (gutty) • Made from dried sap of the Malaysian sapodilla tree, rubber like feel • If was found that this ball flew further with indentions and marks rather than being perfectly round, thus leading to dimples

23. Golf Balls • Rubber Haskell • Wound rubber thread formed in ball shape with a covering over it • Dimples became concave (additional backspin)

24. Golf Balls • Surlyn and urethane • Two piece, three piece, or four piece (depending on layered components) …..Which leads us to present day http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ym-TmZJyswk

25. Differences in Style • Golf club shafts • Steel or carbon fiber • How much flex it has • Progression from a wooden club to newer technology • Can we compare players across the decades? • We will discuss this later • Weights in golf club • Balance out a draw, slice, fade … • Although these weights are not allowed on the PGA tour

26. Are some players watched more than others? http://espn.go.com/golf/usopen13/story/_/id/9385211/2013-us-open-adam-scott-eyed-rules-violation-cleared Was not assessed penalty http://espn.go.com/golf/story/_/id/9670496/tiger-woods-given-2-shot-penalty-bmw-championship CLIP: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ueXaH1wfawA Was assessed penalty

27. Surgical Technology • Tommy John Surgery • 1974 – 1 in 100 chance of success. • 2009 – 85-92% success rate • Lasik Eye Surgery • Dan Uggla of the Atlanta Braves • Are surgeries like these fair/unfair?

28. Olympic Track & Field • “The Blade Runner” – Oscar Pistorius • Carbon Fiber Prosthetic Legs • Unfair Advantage? • Peter Brüggemann, Professor of Biomechanics, German Sport University Cologne • No Advantage? • Weyland, et al. Rice University

29. Social Media and Sports • ESPN – now ESPN2, ESPN3, ESPNNEWS, ESPNU, ESPNDeportes • Twitter and Instagram • Connection between players, coaches and fans. • ESPN – 7.1 million followers • Ronaldo – 25.1 million followers • Lebron James – 12 million followers

30. Darren Sproles and Twitter….

31. Social Media and Sports • Effects of Social Media • Marvin Austin – UNC • Social Media and Recruiting • Twitter private messaging, email, text, Facebook, etc. • Snapchat?