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Phonetics, part II (continued!)

Phonetics, part II (continued!). October 17, 2012. The Plan for Today. Wrap up consonant features Run through another phonetics practice exercise. The plan for the future: On Friday, we’ll discuss suprasegmentals. Plus: more phonetics practice. Homework #2 due next Monday (October 22 nd ).

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Phonetics, part II (continued!)

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  1. Phonetics, part II (continued!) October 17, 2012

  2. The Plan for Today • Wrap up consonant features • Run through another phonetics practice exercise. • The plan for the future: • On Friday, we’ll discuss suprasegmentals. • Plus: more phonetics practice. • Homework #2 due next Monday (October 22nd). • I’ll send out the phonetics homework sometime this evening. • Morphology homeworks should be returned on Friday.

  3. Oh by the way… • The textbook mentions the existence of a mid-low, back, rounded vowel… • “Open O”: [ ] • Compare: • Calgary • Chicago • New York • Saskatoon Source: http://accent.gmu.edu • Also check out: • Calgary: Oxford, England:

  4. Consonants • Last time, we talked about how consonants can be characterized by the following set of attributes: • Voicing • vocal fold position and movement • Place of Articulation • location of constriction in the vocal tract • Manner of Articulation • type of constriction made in the vocal tract

  5. Manner of Articulation • Stop = complete closure in vocal tract • English stops: [p] [t] [k] [b] [d] [g] • Fricative - narrow constriction that causes disruption of airflow • think “friction” • English fricatives: [f] [s] [h] [v] [z]

  6. Manner of Articulation • 3. Affricate • = brief closure with a fricated release • English affricates: • 4. Nasal • = velum is lowered and allows air to flow through the nose • English nasals: • [m] [n]

  7. The X-Ray video

  8. Manner of Articulation • 5. Liquid = minimal constriction in vocal tract • lateral = tongue is constricted in center of mouth; air passes out through the sides of mouth • English lateral liquid: [l] • retroflex = tongue is either: • curled back • bunched up English retroflex: [r] 6. Glide = least amount of constriction without being a vowel • English glides: [w] [j]

  9. What about vowels? • Vowel articulations can be characterized along four dimensions: • Height (of tongue body) • high, mid, low • Frontness (of tongue body) • front, central, back • Roundness (of lips) • rounded, unrounded • Tenseness • tense, lax

  10. Corner Vowels

  11. [i] to [a] movie

  12. The “Vowel Space” The two dimensions height and front/backness define the vowel space.

  13. Other Vowel Features • Rounding: • [u], [o], are pronounced with rounded lips • the other English vowels are not • “Tenseness”: • A “tense” vowel is closer to the edge of the vowel space • a “lax” vowel is closer to the center • Ex: [i] is tense, is not. • Note: tense/lax distinctions are very hard for non-native speakers of English to hear

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