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Residential Framing

Residential Framing. University High School. Framed House. Load Bearing vs. Non-Load Bearing. Load Bearing Walls. Exterior walls that carry ceiling, roof, or upper floor loads to the foundation are called load bearing walls Walls in the middle add support Weather: Wind Snow Hurricanes

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Residential Framing

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  1. Residential Framing University High School

  2. Framed House

  3. Load Bearing vs. Non-Load Bearing

  4. Load Bearing Walls • Exterior walls that carry ceiling, roof, or upper floor loads to the foundation are called load bearing walls • Walls in the middle add support • Weather: • Wind • Snow • Hurricanes • Etc…

  5. Non-Bearing Walls • Walls help shape a house’s interior finish • Defines rooms • Serves as unit for plumbing and electrical systems • Can be moved • Consult building professional

  6. Types of Framing

  7. Platform Framing • Built one level at a time with each floor providing a platform • Room to building the next series of walls • Most commonly used today • Protects better against fire • Cheaper • Easier to fins smaller straight wood

  8. Balloon Framing • Studs run full height from mudsill to the top plate • Maximum of 20 feet • Problem with fires • Floor to floor • Hard to find 20 foot pieces of lumber that is straight • Way more expensive ($$)

  9. Wall types • Wood • Residential walls are wood (cost) • Concrete • Commercial • Masonry • Both • Metal • Both

  10. Wood • Flexible • Economical • Easy to construct • Still strong • Most walls are made from 2x4’s • Most common stock of wood • Some places require 2x6’s • Canada (code) • Cold

  11. Wall Framing Components Top Plate - Often Doubled Stud Header Rough Opening Sole Plate

  12. Studs • Placed every 16” on center (12”, 16” 24” O.C.) • Secured to the top plate and sole plate with a nail gun • Nailed for time • Helps distribute the weight (roof/top floors)

  13. Stud Stud

  14. Top Plate/Sole Plate • Exterior walls mostly use double top plates to support the weight of joist/rafters of a roof • Complete the frame • Tie the whole wall together • All vertical frame members are tied into them • Places for components to be fastened to them

  15. Top Plate Sole Plate

  16. Rough Opening (Windows/Doors) • Place for doors/windows to be placed in • Made to the size of the window/door being placed in • Every opening within a frame requires a header to support the weight above

  17. Rough Opening Rough Opening

  18. Header • Carry weight bearing down on that section of the wall • Header size is determined by the width of opening • Supported by jack studs • Even with all windows/doors • (standard height 6’ 8”)

  19. Header Header

  20. Jack Studs (Trimmer) • Holds up the ends of the header that’s bridges the gap • Transfers the load that the header carries down to the bottom plate and the framing beneath.

  21. King Studs • On both sides of a window/door to support any weak point • Runs from the sole plate to the top plate • Gives another place to fasten components • Doors/windows • Ties the rough opening together

  22. King Stud Jack Stud Jack Stud King Stud

  23. Cripple Studs • Smaller 2x4’s that support the weight of the sill and window • Also placed at the top of a door to meet the proper height of the wall • Add another place for interior/exterior components to be fastened to • Placed just like normal studs • 12”, 16”, 24” O.C.

  24. Cripple Stud

  25. Top Plate Header King Stud Header Jack Stud Jack Stud King Stud Stud Cripple Stud Sole Plate

  26. Floor Framing

  27. Floor Frame • Joist • horizontal supporting members that run from • wall to wall • wall to beam • beam to beam • These support a ceiling, roof, or floor • Joist Header • Support and hold joist in place • Outside framing

  28. Girder • Support beam (unusually an I-beam) • Runs down the middle of a house • Provides strength to the floor • Plywood • Places on top of the joist as the first layer of the floor • Joist Hangers/Bridging • metal brackets used to connect joists to the adjoining headers or support beams

  29. Roof Framing

  30. Gable Roofing Components

  31. Ridge Board • runs along the peak of the roof parallel to the outside walls • Nailed • Ceiling Joist • two prime functions • tie the walls of a structure or a room together • to support the ceiling of the structure, or room • Rafters • Series of sloped structural members that extend from the ridge or hip to the down-slop eave • Support the roof deck

  32. Gable Studs • members that hold a gable roof in place • Overhang • Extends past the exterior walls • Lets rain run off/other debris • Place gutters

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