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ECE 4991 Electrical and Electronic Circuits Chapter 3

ECE 4991 Electrical and Electronic Circuits Chapter 3. Where are we?. Chapter 2 - The basic concepts and practice at analyzing simple electric circuits with sources and resistors Chapter 3 – More harder networks to analyze and the notion of equivalent circuits

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ECE 4991 Electrical and Electronic Circuits Chapter 3

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  1. ECE 4991 Electrical and Electronic CircuitsChapter 3

  2. Where are we? • Chapter 2 - The basic concepts and practice at analyzing simple electric circuits with sources and resistors • Chapter 3 – More harder networks to analyze and the notion of equivalent circuits • Chapter 4 – Capacitors and inductors added to the mix • Chapter 5 – Analyzing transient situations in complex passive networks • Chapter 8 – New subject – the wonders of operational amplifiers as system elements • Chapter 9 – Introduction to semiconductors – the basics and diodes – more network analysis • Chapter 10 – Bipolar junction transistors and how they work – now you can build your own op amp

  3. What’s Important in Chapter 3 • Definitions • Nodal Analysis • Mesh Analysis • The Principle of Superposition • Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits • Condition for Maximum Power Transfer

  4. 1. Definitions • Principle of Superposition • Equivalent circuit • Thevenin theorem • Norton theorem • One-port networks • Source loading • Node voltages • Branch currents • “Ground” • KCL • Nodal Analysis • Mesh currents • KVL • Mesh Analysis

  5. 2. Nodal Analysis • Used to “analyze” circuits • Solve for currents, voltages, power, etc., throughout circuits • Applies KCL to nodes • Often used in concert with Ohm’s Law

  6. Node Method • Find nodes – Identify ground node • Label branch currents & node voltages • Node voltages, if not defined by a voltage source, are independent variables • Write KCL for nodes • Solve for unknowns

  7. Working with Nodal Analysis

  8. I Working with Nodal Analysis R4 R2 V R1 R3

  9. I Working with Nodal Analysis R3 R1 V R4 R5 R2 R6

  10. Working with Nodal Analysis

  11. For Next Time • Sign onto Blackboard, if still have not • Practice Nodal Analysis • Learn about rest of chapter 3, particularly about mesh analysis

  12. 3. Mesh Analysis • Also used to “analyze” circuits • Solve for currents, voltages, power, etc., throughout circuits • Applies KVL to meshes • Often used in concert with Ohm’s Law

  13. I Node Method • Identify meshes and mesh currents • For n meshes and m current sources, there are n-m independent variables • Write KVL for all meshes with unknown mesh currents • Solve for unknowns

  14. I Working with Mesh Analysis

  15. I Working with Mesh Analysis R4 R2 V R1 R3

  16. R6 R3 R1 I R4 V R5 R2 Working with Mesh Analysis

  17. Working with Mesh Analysis

  18. For Next Time • Sign onto Blackboard, if still have not • Keep practicing Nodal Analysis • Practice Mesh Analysis • Learn about rest of chapter 3, particularly about equivalent circuits

  19. 4. The Principle of Superposition • When working with linear circuits, can find the solution for each energy source and combine the results • Procedure: • Remove all but one energy source • V sources  wires • I sources  opens • Solve the circuit • Repeat for a different energy source • Add up the solutions

  20. I 5. Thévenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits RT • Thévenin Theorem When viewed from the load, any network composed of ideal voltage and current sources and of linear resistors, may be represented by an equivalent circuit consisting of an ideal voltage source VT in series with an equivalent resistance RT  VT

  21. I I Thévenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits • Norton Theorem When viewed from the load, any network composed of ideal voltage and current sources and of linear resistors, may be represented by an equivalent circuit consisting of an ideal current source IN in parallel with an equivalent resistance RN  IN RN

  22. Thévenin Equivalence • Equivalent Resistance • Remove load • Zero all current and voltage sources • V sources  wires • I sources  opens • Compute the resistance between the load terminals • Equivalent Voltage • Remove the load • Define VOC as the open-circuit voltage across the load terminals • Solve for VOC

  23. Thévenin Equivalent Circuits R1 V R2 RL RT = ? VT = ?

  24. RT VT Thévenin Equivalent Circuits R1 V R2

  25. I Working with Thévenin Equivalent Circuits R2 V R1 R3 RT = ? VT = ?

  26. RT VT Working with Thévenin Equivalent Circuits

  27. I Practice with Thévenin Equivalent Circuits R2 R3 V R1 R5 R4 RT = ? VT = ?

  28. Practice with Thévenin Equivalent Circuits

  29. Chapter 2 and 3 Practice for Test

  30. Chapter 2 and 3 Practice for Test

  31. Chapter 2 and 3 Practice for Test

  32. Chapter 2 and 3 Practice for Test

  33. Chapter 2 and 3 Practice for Test

  34. Chapter 2 and 3 Practice for Test

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