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Miniature mass spectrometry

Miniature mass spectrometry. Steve Taylor. Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, UK. Talk Outline. Background Why mass spectrometry? How does it work? The world’s smallest quadrupole mass spectrometer IMPACT

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Miniature mass spectrometry

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  1. Miniature mass spectrometry Steve Taylor Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, UK Miniature mass spectrometry

  2. Talk Outline • Background • Why mass spectrometry? • How does it work? • The world’s smallest quadrupole mass spectrometer • IMPACT • Rapid manufacture using layer based manufacturing techniques (LBMT) • Mass spectrometry using ion traps • Design, fabrication, results and applications • IMPACT • Conclusions • Acknowledgements Miniature mass spectrometry...

  3. Why mass spectrometry (MS) ? • Information rich and capable of providing information in the mass, concentration and time domains in real time • Highly sensitive (parts per billion) • MS can monitor the presence and abundance of a single molecule (amongst many): nanoscale sensing applications. • Answers the questions: What is it? and How much is there? Concentration vs Mass: Mass spectrum of a exhaled breath from a human patient obtained using a portable MS system Application: Duodenal ulcer detection Miniature mass spectrometry...

  4. Typical GC-MS used for forensic applications Miniature mass spectrometry.

  5. How does it work? • Quadrupole mass spectrometer • For given applied voltages only ions of a particular charge to mass ratio are stable : other ions rejected • Maximum voltage: Vmax= f 2 r02 mmax/ 7x106 CONCEPT: Vmaxfalls with r0 2 : low voltage operation Length reduction offset by increasing frequency Miniature mass spectrometry...

  6. Microengineeed QMS with source and detector on a vacuum flange Miniature mass spectrometry...

  7. Silicon QMS Advantages: Low voltage, low cost, small size: ability to operate at higher pressures, less vacuum demand (smaller/cheaper pumps) • Current instrument status: • • r0 = 0.22 mm • Sensitivity: ppm, mass range: 400 amu • Resolution = 200 • • Pressure range: up to 10-3 mbar Minature mass spectrometry...

  8. Does it work ? • Ideal quadrupole field from hyperbolic electrodes • Resolution x3 • Transmission x2 • Better peak shape (especially in Zone 3) • How to make low cost hyperbolic electrodes at the microscale ? Miniature mass spectrometry...

  9. IMPACT • Grants: including GR/K54755, GR/M31279, PX3011, ITF/ PP43207, EP/F008848/1 and CRDFullM1591A • Total in last 5 years > £2.1m • Papers: 30 journal, 50 conference including 15 invited talks • Group: http://www.liv.ac.uk/mass-spec • Patents: 6 granted plus 2 at application stage • GB 9506972, EP 96908282.5; US 6,025,591 • Spin-Out: www.q-technologies.co.uk • Assignments: GB2390222, EP1649488; US6,940,068: Reliance Precision Ltd (Huddersfield) • GB2009/051115 assigned to Advanced Sensors Ltd (UK) • Applications: MS manufacture, Oil in water monitoring Miniature mass spectrometry...

  10. IMPACT • 2002: Start-up via a DTI SMART award License of MMS patents to University spin out company Q-Technologies Ltd • 2005: first sale • 2009: license agreement with Advanced Sensors Ltd supplying the first Oil in Water analyser with on board MS technology. • 2010: member of a European consortium (3 Universities, 4 companies and 2 SME’s). The consortium was awarded 3.4 million research grant under the FP7 Security theme First mass spectrometric Oil in Water monitor (field trials) www.q-technologies.co.uk Miniature mass spectrometry...

  11. Mass Spectrometry using Layer Based Manufacturing • http://www.envisiontec.com/uploads/pics/PIII.Maschine2_12.png • LBMT’s are a class of rapid manufacturing technologies, which allow direct manufacture at the microscale without the need for expensive tooling • Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a low-cost 3D Layer Based Manufacturing Technique (LBMT). • Instead of removing material via a reductive process, there is a repetitive addition of material in a layer wise manner. • An advantage of DLP is that smooth, lightweight, electrode structures of any geometry may be quickly realized at low cost. • University of Liverpool strong in this area Miniature mass spectrometry...

  12. DLP micro structures a) b) PMMA MEMS structure fabricated using the DLP Envisiontec Perfactory System (a, top-left). Enlarged parts of the DLP structure taken by scanning electron microscope (SEM) (b, top-right and c, bottom-left) showing volumetric pixels (voxels), which represent its building blocks. c) Miniature mass spectrometry...

  13. Linear Ion Trap using DLP • Figure (left) DLP Linear Ion Trap model and picture • CAD model and actual prototype of the LIT • Exploded assembly of LIT showing threaded hole and ion entrance/extract details • LIT electrode profile • Figure (below) Photographs of the DLP LIT components showing gold coated individual electrodes (a) y electrodes (b) x electrodes. Portable mass spectrometry...

  14. Mini 11 Ion Trap MS vacuum system (Purdue) Mini10: 75W/10kg/0.5ft3; Mini 11: 35W/4kg/0.2ft3 Miniature mass spectrometry...

  15. Cocaine Methamphetamine Rhodamine B

  16. Mass spectra using the DLP LIT Spectrum of Ultramarkobtained from Mini 11 (Purdue) shoebox size total massspectrometer system and the DLP trap. High mass range can be achieved with low RF voltage compared to other traps A.T. Clare, L. Gao, B.Brkić, P.R. Chalker,and S.Taylor, J.ASMS, 21,317, (2010) Miniature mass spectrometry...

  17. IMPACT • Grants: EP/H500146/1 and Artificial SNIFFer using LinEar Ion Trap TechnologieS « SNIFFLES «  (FP7) 9 member consortium (including UoL and Q-Technologies) 3.4m Euros • Patents: S.Taylor, P.R.Chalker, C.J.Sutcliffe, UK Patent application: GB2009/051119 ‘MS Fabrication using Rapid Prototyping’, (5.9.2008) • License: DSM Resolve (Netherlands) • Application: Portable mass spectrometer for drug testing at borders and other checkpoints • Other: Explosive detection, CNBE, bio and life tech applications, personalised medicine (due to high mass range) Miniature mass spectrometry...

  18. Conclusions • Mass spectrometry: information rich, sensitive: miniature versions are now available commercially due to work initiated in this University • Patenting necessary to protect IP • Licensing/assignments may be preferable • Playing to our strengths important in a global marketplace • DLP also has the potential to produce a fully integrated mass spectrometer with a single mass analyser or with an array of analysers • Sabbatical visit to technology leader very useful • Long gestation time needed to bring to bring a commercial offering to market and make impact Miniature mass spectrometry...

  19. Acknowledgements: Boris Brkić1 Ray Gibson1, Neil France1, Adam T. Clare2,Chris J. Sutcliffe2, Paul R. Chalker2,Liang Gao3,Scott A. Smith3 R. Graham Cooks3 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, UK 2 Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool, UK 3 Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Miniature mass spectrometry...

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