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Classification History

Classification History. Classification History. Taxonomy : Branch of biology that groups all life according to their characteristics and history All life on earth is placed into 1 of 6 kingdoms: Bacteria Archaea Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia. prokaryotes. eukaryotes. Plantae.

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Classification History

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  1. Classification History

  2. Classification History • Taxonomy: Branch of biology that groups all life according to their characteristics and history • All life on earth is placed into 1 of 6 kingdoms: • Bacteria • Archaea • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia prokaryotes eukaryotes

  3. Plantae Animalia Protista Archaea Monera Bacteria Fungi Where did it all start? Classification is always a work in progress • Until 1866: only two kingdoms,Animalia and Plantae • 1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista • 1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera • 1959: fungi moved to own kingdom • 1977: kingdom Monerasplit into kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea

  4. The 6 kingdoms are classified into domains • The three domains in the tree of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. • Domains are above the kingdom level • Domain model more clearly shows prokaryotic diversity From here, we will focus on the kingdoms, but don’t forget about the DOMAINS!

  5. Carolus Linnaeus • Developed classification system based on physical features • Many rules still used today • Binomial Nomenclature: System of giving every organism 2 names • 1st word: Genus (broad) • 2nd word: Species (specific) • Example: House cat • Genus: Felis • Species: catus Felis catus

  6. Carolus Linnaeus • Developed classification system based on physical features • Many rules still used today • Binomial Nomenclature: System of giving every organism 2 names • 1st word: Genus (broad) • 2nd word: Species (specific) • Example: House cat • Genus: Felis • Species: catus Is a coyote really called Eatiusbirdius?

  7. Carolus Linnaeus • Developed classification system based on physical features • Many rules still used today • Binomial Nomenclature: System of giving every organism 2 names • 1st word: Genus (broad) • 2nd word: Species (specific) • Example: House cat • Genus: Felis • Species: catus Canislatrans

  8. Carolus Linnaeus • Developed classification system based on physical features • Many rules still used today • Binomial Nomenclature: System of giving every organism 2 names • 1st word: Genus (broad) • 2nd word: Species (specific) • Example: House cat • Genus: Felis • Species: catus Is a roadrunner really called Accelerattiincredibilis?

  9. Carolus Linnaeus • Developed classification system based on physical features • Many rules still used today • Binomial Nomenclature: System of giving every organism 2 names • 1st word: Genus (broad) • 2nd word: Species (specific) • Example: House cat • Genus: Felis • Species: catus Geococcyxcalifornianus

  10. Binomial Format • When Writing: • Genus Capitalized • species lowercase • Underlined entirely Ex: Homo sapiens • When Typing: • Same, except use italics (instead of underlining) Ex: Homo sapiens Canis lupis Tyto alba Quercus alba

  11. Why not use common names? • Common names can be misleading Are sea horses really horses?

  12. Why not use common names? • Common names can be misleading Are jellyfish made of jelly? Are jellyfish even fish?

  13. Why not use common names? • Common names can be misleading Are sea cucumbers edible fruit?

  14. Why not use common names? • Common names vary from region to region Robin Robin United States England Problem: They are two different species.

  15. Why not use common names? • Common names vary from region to region Cougar Puma Mountain lion Problem: Cougars, pumas, and mountain lions are the same species. They are just called different names in different parts of the world. Solution: A scientist would simply call these Puma concolor regardless of where they lived.

  16. Taxa • Defined: A group of organisms in a classification system. • 7 individual levels (taxa) used to classify organisms Kingdom (broadest) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (specific) • Allows relationships to be clearly seen Kings Play Chess On Fine Glass Surfaces

  17. Kingdom Phylum Cheetah Classification Class Order Family Genus Species

  18. Kingdom Phylum Red Wolf Classification Class Order Family Genus Species

  19. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Human Classification Genus Species

  20. Killer whale classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  21. The more levels in common...the more related the species.

  22. Quick Question: Which two organisms are most related to one another? Killer Whale K = Animals P = Chordata C = Mammals O = Cetacea F = Delphinidae G = Orcinus S = orca Red Wolf K = Animals P = Chordata C = Mammals O = Carnivora F = Canidae G = Canis S = vulpes Polar Bear K = Animals P = Chordata C = Mammals O = Carnivora F = Ursidae G = Ursus S = arctos

  23. Using a dichotomous key What is this item?

  24. Using a dichotomous key What is this item?

  25. Who created the classification system used today What is it based on? Name the 6 kingdoms of life. Which kingdom(s) are prokaryotic? Which kingdom(s) may be unicellular? Which kingdom(s) are bacteria? Which two taxa make up an organism’s binomial name? What happened to kingdom Monera? Place the 7 levels of taxonomy in order from largest to smallest. Name the 7 human taxa, from largest to smallest. Review

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