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Evolution of hominids

Evolution of hominids. 2.14 Describe the evidence for human evolution, based on fossils, including:. a Ardi from 4.4 million years ago b Lucy from 3.2 million years ago c Leakey’s discovery of fossils from 1.6 million years ago. Lucy

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Evolution of hominids

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  1. Evolution of hominids

  2. 2.14 Describe the evidence for human evolution, based on fossils, including: a Ardi from 4.4 million years ago b Lucy from 3.2 million years ago c Leakey’s discovery of fossils from 1.6 million years ago

  3. Lucy • Australopithecines lived in Africa 1.5 to 4 million years ago. • Lucy – the most complete Australopithecine skeleton found.

  4. The Leakey Foundation The Turkana Basin Institute Louis and Mary Leakey (1960’s) Richard and Meave (1980’s)

  5. Early evidence – mainly fossils & anatomical comparison

  6. More recent fossil & DNA evidence

  7. While the genetic difference between individual humans today is minuscule – about 0.1%, on average – study of the same aspects of the chimpanzee genome indicates a difference of about 1.2%. The bonobo (Pan paniscus), which is the close cousin of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), differs from humans to the same degree. The DNA difference with gorillas, another of the African apes, is about 1.6%. Most importantly, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans all show this same amount of difference from gorillas. A difference of 3.1% distinguishes us and the African apes from the Asian great ape, the orangutan. How do the monkeys stack up?  All of the great apes and humans differ from rhesus monkeys, for example, by about 7% in their DNA.

  8. DNA shows that our species and chimpanzees diverged from a common ancestor that lived between 8 and 6 million years ago. The last common ancestor of monkeys and apes lived about 25 million years ago.

  9. 2.15 Describe the evidence for human evolution based on stone tools, including: • the development of stone tools over time • how these can be dated from their environment

  10. At death the intake of C14 stops, measure the ratio of C14 to C 12

  11. Evidence from tools

  12. Gametes – How are they ‘adapted to their function’?

  13. Fertilisation

  14. Early human migration

  15. Climate change

  16. Climate change

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