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Early Hominids

Early Hominids. Chapter 2 Ms. Mohamed 6 th Grade. Objective. Students will learn about the types of early hominids scientists discovered, their characteristics, and how they evolved over time. Objective.

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Early Hominids

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  1. Early Hominids Chapter 2 Ms. Mohamed 6th Grade

  2. Objective • Students will learn about the types of early hominids scientists discovered, their characteristics, and how they evolved over time.

  3. Objective • Students will learn about the ________________________ of early ________________________ scientists ________________________ , their ________________________ , and how they evolved over ________________________ .

  4. Hominids • Scientists call the prehistoric humans - hominids. • In this chapter you will learn about FIVE important groups of hominids.

  5. Check For Understanding • What do scientists call early humans?

  6. History Detectives • What three types of history detectives or social scientists did we learn about in Chapter 1?

  7. History Detectives • What three types of history detectives or social scientists did we learn about in Chapter 1? • Archeologists • Historians • Geographers

  8. Paleoanthropologist • Anthropologists study human development and culture. • Paleoanthropologists specialize in studying the earliest hominids. • The prefix paleo means ancient.

  9. Check For Understanding • What does the prefix paleo mean? • What is a paleoanthropologist? • What is an anthropologist?

  10. First Discovery of Hominid • 1974 – Donald Johnson discovered a partial skeleton in Africa. • Johnson found a piece of a skull, a jawbone, a rib, and leg bones. • After careful analysis, Johnson concluded that the bones belonged to a female hominid who lived more that 3 MILLION years ago. • Johnson called her Lucy.

  11. Aus-tra-lo-pi -the-cusAf-ar-en-sis • An African anthropologist called the earliest known group of hominids aus-tra-lo-pi-the-cus which means southern ape. • The second part of the name refers to the Afar Triangle – the part of Africa where Lucy was found. • Scientists learned about early hominids by studying Lucy. • After assembling her bones, scientists discovered that Lucy was short compared to most humans .

  12. Lucy • Approximately three feet tall • Had a mix of ape like and human features • Long arms • Hands and feet were similar to modern humans • Large head • Forehead and jaw stuck out from head

  13. Check For Understanding • What were some characteristics of Lucy?

  14. Lucy and Her Relatives • Other remains similar to Lucy were found in Afar Triangle. • Scientists guess that Lucy’s lived in Africa about 3 to 4 million years ago.

  15. How Are Hominids Like Lucy Related to Later Hominids and Humans Today? • Anthropologists often disagree about the answer to this question. • One reason – there are very few clues available • Bones as old as Lucy’s are difficult to find • Scientists do agree that Lucy and her relatives are the very early forms of humans.

  16. Discoveries About Lucy • After studying Lucy’s skeleton, scientists discovered that she was biped. • The prefix bi means two. • Biped means she walked on two feet. • This was an advantage for Lucy and her relatives. • With their hands free: • They were able to gather and carry food more easily. • They were also better able to defend themselves and their children.

  17. Check For Understanding • What does the prefix bi mean? • What does biped mean? • What were two advantages of Lucy and her relatives having their hands free?

  18. How Are Early Hominids Different From Modern Humans? • Lucy’s brain was one-third the size of ours. • Scientists have found no tools from Lucy’s time. • They also do not believe that these early hominids were able to talk.

  19. Mini AssessmentReview - 9-6-13 Complete on a separate sheet of paper. Answer must be in a complete sentence. • What does the prefix paleo mean? • What does it mean to be biped? • How was being biped advantageous to the Australopithecus Afarensis?

  20. Mini AssessmentReview 9-6-13 Complete on a separate sheet of paper. Answer must be in a complete sentence. • How are the Homo Habilisand the Australopithecus Afarensis similar? • How are the Homo Habilisand the Australopithecus Afarensisdifferent?

  21. Objective • Students will learn about the types of early hominids scientists discovered, their characteristics, and how they evolved over time.

  22. Objective • Students will learn about the ________________________ of early ________________________ scientists ________________________ , their ________________________ , and how they evolved over ________________________ .

  23. Agenda • Review of Previous Lesson 10 minutes • Australopithecus Afarensis • Direct Instruction 20 minutes • Handy Man • Share Out/Reflection 5 minutes • Wrap Up 5 minutes

  24. Homo Habilis: Handy Man • Homo Habilis is the second group of hominids. • They were discovered in Africa by Louis and Mary Leakey. • Handy Man lived approximately 1.5 to 2 million years ago. • Like Lucy the Homo Habilis had both ape like and human like features. • They walked on two feet. • But they were taller than Lucy. • Their features were more human like • Their brains were twice the size of Lucy’s.

  25. Homo Habilis: Handy Man • Scientists found bones of more than one Homo Habilis together. • This suggests that the Handy Man hominids lived in groups. • Living with others would have helped them survive. • They could work together and protect themselves against animal attacks. • They could also collect food over larger areas of land.

  26. Handy Man: Toolmaker • Had a larger brain. • Were more advanced than the Australopithecus Afarensis. • Tools were found with this hominid group. • Ability to make tools allowed the Handy Man group to live better and longer than hominids like Lucy.

  27. Handy Man: ToolmakerDiscussion • What type of planning did this hominid group have to engage in, in order to create the tools they needed? • How do scientists believe the Handy Man hominid group used these tools?

  28. Objective • Students will learn about the types of early hominids scientists discovered, their characteristics, and how they evolved over time.

  29. Objective • Students will learn about the ________________________ of early ________________________ scientists ________________________ , their ________________________ , and how they evolved over ________________________ .

  30. Agenda • Review of Previous Lesson- Handy Man vs Australopithecus Afarensis10 minutes • Direct Instruction - Upright Man – Neanderthal- Homo Sapiens Sapiens- Early Modern Humans30 minutes • Group Activity– Determine which scientists are needed address the issue discussed in the prompt20 minutes • Assessment Chapter 2 30 minutes • Review of Assessment 15 minutes • Wrap Up5 minutes

  31. Homo Erectus: Upright Man • This group had been around longer than the Australopithecus Afarensis and Homo Hablis. • This hominid group was discovered in 1891 in Java, Asia. • The Upright Man has been around longer than any other hominid group. • Scientists believe they were the first hominid group to migrate out of Africa. • They were taller and thinner than earlier hominids. • The face of the Upright Man was more like modern humans.

  32. Homo Erectus: Upright Man • Had larger brains than the Handy Man. • They were also toolmakerswho made more complex tools. • Greatest advantage of this group is that they had the ability to use fire. • It is unclear as whether they were hunters. • Scientists believed that they were nomadic and built shelters where they traveled. • Scientists also believed that the Upright Man’s ability to use fire and build shelter allowed them to live longer and travel further than earlier hominid groups.

  33. Discussion • What did scientists infer about the Upright Man’s ability to use fire? • How did this ability enhance their lives?

  34. Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis: Neanderthals • Discovered in 1856in Germany. • Lived after the Upright Man. • They lived in Africa, the Near East, Europe, and parts of Asia. • Walked upright • Were shorter and stockier than modern humans. • Stronger than other hominid groups. • Had large brains. • They used their intelligence to become more skilled toolmakers.

  35. Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis: Neanderthals • Scientists believed that this hominid group were also able to better survive because they worked together. • Scientists also inferred: • That they were they first hominid group to hunt in an organized group. • Had a sense of community

  36. Discussion • What evidence did the scientists use to support the thought that the Neanderthals had a sense of community?

  37. Homo Sapiens Sapiens: Early Modern Humans • Most scientists believe that this group originated from Africa. • They were discovered in 1879. • They migrated to Europe, Asia, Australia, North America, and South America. • They survived because of their ability to create better tools, shelter, and clothing.

  38. Discussion • How were the Homo Sapiens Sapiens more skilled in their tool making abilities than the Neanderthals? • How did these tools enhance their lives?

  39. Early Modern Humans: The First Artists • Recorded their lives through art. • They also made musical instruments. • Some images may have been animals they hunted as well as mythical creatures they imagined.

  40. Discussion • Why did the early modern humans create art? • How did the early modern humans ability to express feelings through art contribute to their development?

  41. Create a time line to show how the early hominids evolved over time. • In your timeline show the characteristics of how these hominids evolved and how they became more advanced over time.

  42. Group Activity – Determine which scientists are needed address the issue discussed in the prompt 20 minutesAssessment Chapter 2 30 minutesReview of Assessment 15 minutesWrap Up 5 minutes

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