CLOUD Surname DNA Project: Examining and Interpreting Genetic Genealogy Data

1. CLOUD Surname DNA Project

2. Our Data Examined Intro to Genetic Genealogy & DNA 101 Genealogical DNA and its Components Examining & Interpreting DNA Data Drawing for Door Prize Genetic GenealogyA Report on The CLOUD DNA Project.

3. What is it? A new & exciting field of science. An adjunct to traditional genealogy (not stand-alone proof). What can it do? Help break down ancestral brick walls. Verify lineages. Validate documentation. Show who you’re NOT related to (eliminate unnecessary time and money following ‘unrelated’ leads.) Indicate a common ancestor with another person. Predict a range of time when the common ancestor lived. DNA in Genealogy(Genetic Genealogy)

4. What can it NOT do? Can’t identify any specific ancestor. Can’t give a name or tell “who”. Only traces 1 ancestor per generation. 1 generation back – 2 parents, only 1 traced 6 generations back – 64 5th great grandparents, 1 traced 10 generations ago – 1024 9th great grandparents, 1 traced Won’t show ethnicity of any but the line being traced (see above). (e.g. Native American) DNA in Genealogy(Genetic Genealogy)

5. Pedigree traced by DNA Y-DNA mtDNA Graphic provided by Family Tree DNA

6. Other Lines Traced in Other Surname Projects. Not traced. Y-DNA mtDNA Graphic provided by Family Tree DNA

7. Y-DNA mtDNA Special tests available – autosomal DNA. Graphic provided by Family Tree DNA

8. Intro to DNA

9. Determine our physical makeup – autosomal or coding DNA * recombinant – i.e. comes from both parents Determine our sex – Y chromosome – non-coding (“junk DNA”) * Y is from father only – (non-recombinant) Provide power for the cell – mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) – non-coding * mtDNA from mother only – (non-recombinant) Functions of DNA

10. DNA Signatures

11. Determine our physical makeup - autosomal or coding DNA Unique to a person – forensics, paternity Determine our sex - Y chromosome – non-coding (“junk DNA”) Unique to a GROUP – paternal line Provide power for the cell - mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) – non-coding Unique to a GROUP – maternal line DNA Signatures

12. Cell Structure 23 pairs of Chromosomes Mitochondria Nucleus 22 of the 23 pair are “coding” or autosomal – both parents contribute to them. The 23rd pair are non-coding. They are the sex genes – the X and Y chromosomes. X X = X Y =

13. Nuclear DNA 22 pairs Autosomes 1 pair sex chromosomes Graphic provided by Family Tree DNA

14. DNA Used for Genealogy

15. mtDNA – passed from a mother to her children. Changes too slowly to be useful for recent relationships. Woman’s surname changes, so maternal line is more difficult to trace. Y-DNA – passed from a father to his son. Changes often enough to be used for recent relationships. Father’s surname passed through generations, making paternal line easier to trace. DNA Used for Genealogy

16. SNP – Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Occurs very rarely – ~10,000 generations. Identifies worldwide groups of people (ethnicity). STR – Short Tandem Repeat Change more quickly – ~100-200 generations. Can identify recent family groups. Parts of Y-DNA used.

17. Types of DNA used for identification: autosomal DNA – not used in genealogy. Only recent ancestry – parents, grandparents. (paternity testing, forensics, etc.) mtDNA – traces maternal line. Y-DNA – traces paternal line. DNA components used. SNP – traces deep ancestry. STR – traces recent ancestry. Recap:

18. mtDNA – traces maternal line. Y-DNA – traces paternal line. SNP – traces deep ancestry. STR – traces recent ancestry. Remember

19. Next: We will examine the DNA data.

20. Intermission DNA chromosome pair helix