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Early Warning Systems Used in Micronesia

Early Warning Systems Used in Micronesia. Chip Guard Weather Forecast Office Guam International Training Workshop on Tropical Cyclone Disaster Reduction Guangzhou, China 26-31 March 2007. Early Warning Systems. Four components of an Early Warning System Warning Products

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Early Warning Systems Used in Micronesia

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  1. Early Warning Systems Used in Micronesia Chip Guard Weather Forecast Office Guam International Training Workshop on Tropical Cyclone Disaster Reduction Guangzhou, China 26-31 March 2007

  2. Early Warning Systems • Four components of an Early Warning System • Warning Products • Criteria to trigger actions • Communications Systems • Alert Systems

  3. Warning Products • Requirements • Timely • Accurate • Comprehendible

  4. Warning Products in Micronesia • Types • Tropical Cyclone Watches and Warnings • Flood/Flash Flood Watches and Warnings • Coastal Flood Warnings • High Surf Advisories and Warnings • High Wind Warnings • Tornado Watches and Warnings • Red Flag Watches and Warnings for Wild Fires • Severe Thunderstorm Watches and Warnings • Special Marine Warnings

  5. Tropical CycloneWarning Products in Micronesia • Types • Tropical Storm and Typhoon Advisories • Typhoon Local Statements • Position Estimates

  6. JTWC Warning

  7. PUBLIC ADVISORY

  8. Tropical CycloneWarning Products in Micronesia • Types • Tropical Storm and Typhoon Advisories • Typhoon Local Statements • Position Estimates

  9. LOCAL STATEMENTS

  10. LOCAL STATEMENTS

  11. LOCAL STATEMENTS

  12. Tropical CycloneWarning Products in Micronesia • Types • Tropical Storm and Typhoon Advisories • Typhoon Local Statements • Position Estimates

  13. Position Estimates • Based on Doppler radar information • Allows quick updates • Supersedes satellite data and JTWC fixes

  14. Position Estimates

  15. Criteria to Trigger Actions • We use tropical storm and typhoon watches and warnings • These key the Emergency Managers to take action • These alert the public to listen for instructions • The Governments generally set Tropical Storm and Typhoon Conditions of Readiness • These trigger specific actions within the government including instructions for the public

  16. Issuing Watches and Warnings • Criteria for issuing a Watch: When damaging winds are possible within 48 hours. • A Tropical Storm Watch is issued when a JTWC forecast indicates that a tropical cyclone will be at tropical storm intensity when it passes and damaging winds (39 mph or more) are possible within 48 hours. The tropical cyclone may currently be a tropical storm or a tropical depression that is forecast to intensify.

  17. Issuing Watches and Warnings • Criteria for issuing a Watch: When damaging winds are possible within 48 hours. • A Typhoon Watch is issued when a JTWC forecast indicates that a tropical cyclone will be at typhoon intensity when it passes and damaging winds (39 mph or more) are possible within 48 hours. The tropical cyclone may currently be a typhoon or a tropical storm that is forecast to intensify.

  18. Issuing Watches and Warnings • Criteria for issuing a Warning: When damaging winds are expected within 24 hours. • A Tropical Storm Warning is issued when a JTWC forecast indicates that a tropical cyclone will be at tropical storm intensity when it passes and damaging winds (39 mph to 73 mph) are expected within 24 hours. The tropical cyclone may currently be a tropical storm or a tropical depression that is forecast to intensify.

  19. Issuing Watches and Warnings • Criteria for issuing a Warning: When damaging winds are expected within 24 hours. • A Typhoon Warning is issued when a JTWC forecast indicates that a tropical cyclone will be at typhoon intensity when it passes and damaging winds (39 mph or more) are expected within 24 hours. The tropical cyclone may currently be a typhoon or a tropical storm that is forecast to intensify into a typhoon.

  20. Condition 4: within 72 hours Condition 3: within 48 hours Condition 2: within 24 hours Condition 1: within 12 hours Watch: within 48 hours Warning: within 24 hours Conditions vs. Watch/WarningsBased on onset of damaging/tropical storm force winds…

  21. Communications • Requirements • Reliable • Must be maintained • Must be tested • Wide coverage • Goal is to get to the last kilometer—all the people • Easily received • On a radio or television or by word of mouth

  22. Communications • Types • Internet—http://www.weather.gov/guam • NOAA All-Hazard Weather Radio • Facsimile—a good substitute if Internet not available • Radios • CB and HAM • HF—Good for remote areas • AM/FM—Primary method in Micronesia • Media • Radio—We have primarily a radio audience; easy to update • Television—Usually recorded for later airing; can be outdated • Print—Beware! This information is usually 12 hours old or more

  23. Alert Systems • Requirements • Reliable • Well maintained • Periodically tested • Wide coverage—Goal is to get to the last kilometer—all people • Effective • For sirens: People must know what the tones mean • Fewer tones will be more effective than many • Periodically tested

  24. Alert Systems • Types • NOAA All-Hazard Alert Weather Radio • Activates alert radios via a 1050 Hz tone • Activates Emergency Alert System • Sirens • Automatically activated • Manually activated • First Responders (police, fire, mayors) • Police bull horns • Knocks on doors

  25. Questions?

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