Kingdom: Protista

1. Protists Kingdom: Protista Protists are unicellular organisms that have a nucleus.

2. Similar to Bacteria • Unicellular • One of the first groups of living things on Earth. (1.5 billion years ago.) • Microscopic • Can cause disease. • Can be parasites Same

3. Difference from Bacteria • Has a nucleus. • Live in watery environment. • Generally live as individual cells. • Protists vary greatly in appearance and function. Different

4. 3 Categories • I. Animal-like Protists. • II. Plant-like Protists. • III. Fungus-like Protists.

5. I. Animal-like Protists • Protozoa means “First Animal”. • Cells contain a nucleus. • Cells lack a cell wall. • They are heterotrophs. • Most can move on their own. Little Animals

6. 4 Groups of Animal-like Protists • 1. Sarcodines (SAHR-koh-dighnz) • 2. Ciliates (SIHL-ee-ihts) • 3. Zooflagellates (zoh-oh-FLAJ- ehl-ihts) • 4. Sporozoans (spohr-oh-ZOH-uhnz)

7. 1. Sarcodines • Have pseudopods (Greek:“false foot”) • Extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. • Pseudopods are used for movement and to capture food. • Many have shells. • These shells form limestone, marble and chalk.

8. Type: Ameba (Amoeba) • Most familiar Sarcodine. • Pseudopods: • Blob shaped. • Contractile Vacuoles:controls amount of water inside • Food Vacuole: where food is digested.

9. Split Personality • Amebas reproduce by dividing into two new cells (binary fission). • Amebas can respond to their environment. • They are sensitive to light and some chemicals.

10. 2. Ciliates • Have Cilia on the outside of their cells. • Tiny hair-like projections used for movement, to gather food and as feelers.

11. Paramecium Type: • Pellicle: tough outer wall. • Slipper shaped • Oral groove: like the mouth • Gullet: holds food. • Food Vacuole: digests food. • Anal Pore: removes wastes.

12. 3. Zooflagellates • Have a Flagellum: a long whip-like structure used for movement. • Many live in animals (symbiotic & parasitic)

13. 4. Sporozoans • All Sporozans are parasites. • They feed on cells and body fluids. • Form from Spores (tiny reproductive cells). • Pass from one host to another. • Pass from ticks, mosquitoes or other animals to humans.

14. II. Plant-like Protists • Unicellular • Can move • Autotrophs: make their own food from simple materials using light energy. • 70% of the Earth’s oxygen is produced by Plant-like Protists. • Most are Flagellates (Phytoflagellates)

15. 3 Groups of Plant like Protists • 1. Euglenas (yoo-GLEE-nahz) • 2. Diatoms (DIGH-ah-tahmz) • 3. Dinoflagellates (digh-noh-FLAJ-eh-layts)

16. 1. Euglenas • Many shapes • Have two flagella • Eyespot: sensitive to light. • Chloroplasts (autotrophs) • Pellicle

17. 2. Diatoms • 10,000 living species. • Aquatic • Glassy shell • Diatomaceous earth: course powder that comes from dead diatoms (toothpaste, car polish & reflective paint.

18. 3. Dinoflagellates • Cell walls are like plates of armor. • Two flagella • Spins when it moves. • Colorful. • Can glow in the dark. • Causes Red Tide

19. III. Fungus-like Protists • Heterotrophs • Most have cell walls. • Many have flagella. • One type: Slime Molds

20. Slime Molds Type: • Reproduce by Fruiting Bodies: • The Fruiting Bodies contain Spores. • At first they look like ameba, then later they look like mold.

21. Created by Mrs. Scibelli Exploring Life Science: Prentice Hall, 1995 Encarta