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Igor Tomashov Higher School of Economics, Moscow Moscow – Istanbul, 2011

Central and East European International Studies Association The 8 th Convention 15-17 June 2011, Kadir Has University, Istanbul Russia and China: ‘Post-Westphalian’ Foreign Policy Choices in a Comparative Perspective. Igor Tomashov Higher School of Economics, Moscow Moscow – Istanbul, 2011.

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Igor Tomashov Higher School of Economics, Moscow Moscow – Istanbul, 2011

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  1. Central and East European International Studies AssociationThe 8th Convention15-17 June 2011, Kadir Has University, IstanbulRussia and China: ‘Post-Westphalian’ Foreign Policy Choices in a Comparative Perspective Igor Tomashov Higher School of Economics, Moscow Moscow – Istanbul, 2011

  2. The Post-Liberal World • 2000s: The crisis of liberalism and global governance • Russia and China: Authoritarian capitalism as a rival to liberal democracy • Not Westphalian, yet not Post-Westphalian international environment • How Russia and China shape the world and how they are shaped by the world?

  3. Methodology • Approach to the present-day international order: Status-Quo or Revisionism? • Methods of decision-making: Ideology or Pragmatism? • Use of instruments of power: ‘Soft Power’ or ‘Hard Power’? • Understanding of international relations: Sovereignty or Interdependence?

  4. Status-Quo or Revisionism? • Russia • 2003-2004: Turning point in international strategy • Nostalgic and defensive revisionism • China • Tend to adopt more and more assertive stance, but not radically change the world order • No reason to be a revisionist power, as status-quo is in many ways advantageous for it

  5. Ideology or Pragmatism? • Russia • Pragmatic foreign policy after the end of the Cold war • From ‘damage limitation’ to ‘down-to-earth macho position’ (Arbatov) • Pragmatism as ideology • China • Deng Xiaoping’s seminal pragmatism • ‘Pragmatism first’, but also remain adherent to communist ideology at the official level

  6. ‘Soft Power’ or ‘Hard Power’? • Russia • Deep ‘hard power’ tradition • Russian-Georgian War of 2008 and other demonstrative actions • No balanced approach to ‘hard power’ and ‘soft power’ • ‘Sovereign democracy’ is a home-grown concept, and has little export potential • China • Invests both in ‘hard power’ and ‘soft power’

  7. Sovereignty or Interdependence? • Russia • Benefits from interdependence and strengthens its sovereignty • Favors multi-polarity – interdependence of sovereign actors • Ideological approach to sovereignty • China • Stalls between the need to respect sovereignty and embededness into an interdependent world • Pragmatic approach to sovereignty

  8. Conclusion

  9. POST-WESTERN WORLD?

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