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An exploration of the prevalence of bullying within an Irish Maternity hospital setting. University of Limerick. Ms Maria Gibbons RGN RM MA Health Ed/Prom, HPH Co-ordinator, Regional Maternity Hospital, Mid-Western area
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An exploration of the prevalence of bullying within an Irish Maternity hospital setting University of Limerick Ms Maria Gibbons RGN RM MA Health Ed/Prom, HPH Co-ordinator, Regional Maternity Hospital, Mid-Western area Ms Patricia Mannix-McNamara, B.Rel Sc & English, Grad Dip Womens Studies, MA, Course Director,Postgrad Dip/MA Health Ed University of Limerick
Currently in Ireland • 7% of population bullied within last six months ( 2004 TCD study) • Believed to be 10% or more… • We hear more about bullying now… • Question is whether it is that more people are experiencing it or is it that people are more knowledgeable and are reporting?
What constitutes bullying? • “Someone persistently, over a period of time, perceives himself (or herself) to be on the receiving end of negative actions from one or several others, in a situation where the one on the receiving end has difficulties defending against these actions” (Einarsen 2000). • This definition encompasses themes such as frequency, number(s) of perpetrators and issues of power and perception
Bullying is learned behaviour • (Mannix McNamara 2001) • Overt bullying; name calling, physical aggression, unrealistic tasks, over workloading…Covert bullying; isolation, exclusion, negative communication, whispering, rumour...
Aim of this study • To explore the experiences of bullying among staff in a Maternity Hospital setting • Document prevalence of bullying • Explore relevance of grade to either experiencing or engaging in bullying behaviour • Explore the link between gender, age and employment status as variables in a bullying dynamic
Methodology for this study • The Methodology of the study was quantitative in nature • Einersen’s Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ) was utilized (Permissions granted). • Questionnaires were sent to all staff (N=300) • Response rate was 43% • Analysis of the questionnaire was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)
Significant Findings • Bullying exists and has existed among all grades of staff with the exception of consultants. • Reported prevalence of Bullying has reduced in last five years • Increased prevalence of bullying in 20-30 age group and 46-55 age group • No men have experienced bullying in last six months • 30% men surveyed have observed bullying in the last six months • 60% women have observed bullying in the last six months
Additional unsolicited comments • Senior management do not acknowledge staff, don’t say good morning, thank you, well done. • I have experienced bullying in the last six months, almost daily depending on who is on. • I addressed it (bullying incident) with the bully
Conclusions • Recently (past six months) bullying seems to have ceased for portering staff. • Significant numbers of respondents witnessed bullying in the workplace (witnessing bullying has been found to impact negatively on job satisfaction and the health of bystanders (see Mannix-McNmara 2001) • Clearly in the last five years incidence of bullying within the organisation has significantly decreased
Recommendations • As the study was quantitative in nature, a more in-depth qualitative exploration of the experiences of those bullied in the workplace, and particularly what factors they understood to be the causeof this would be beneficial • Implementation of a workplace bullying policy • In the study some respondents did not perceive themselves as experiencing bullying, however they were experiencing behaviours that were impacting on their quality of work life ( such as lack of control over tasks, deadlines, workload). A study examining quality of work life and work culture would be of great benefit to continuing the commitment of this setting as a health promoting hospital.