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European Age of Exploration: Discoveries and Conquests 1400s-1800s

Explore the European exploration of the world from the 1400s to the 1800s, driven by the quest for gold, spices, and new trade routes. Learn about key figures like Prince Henry the Navigator, Vasco de Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan, and their pivotal voyages. Discover the impact on indigenous populations and the rise of European empires through conquests in the Americas. Witness the advancements in navigation technology and the economic transformation brought by the Age of Discovery through trade and colonization.

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European Age of Exploration: Discoveries and Conquests 1400s-1800s

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  1. An Age of Exploration 1400s-1800s

  2. European Conceptions of the World What does this picture tell us about how Europeans viewed the world?

  3. Why go to sea? • The expanding economics of European states stimulated increased trade with markets in Asia. With the loss of Constantinople in 1453, European nations fronting the Atlantic sought new maritime routes for trade.

  4. Motivation/Factors for discovery 1. Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe 2. Support for the diffusion of Christianity

  5. 3. Political and economic competition b/t European empires

  6. 1.God 2. Glory 3. Gold

  7. 4. Innovations in navigational arts (Islamic origins) and technology from China and Islamic nations (compass and astrolabe)

  8. 5. Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator

  9. Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) Sponsored expeditions down coast of Africa and study of geography/navigation Settled the Atlantic islands of Madeira and Azores

  10. Vasco de Gama (1497) Successful in sailing around Cape of Good Hope. Lands in India; returns with spices Portugal forcefully est. trading posts in Asia and Africa

  11. Portugal= Vasco da Gama

  12. Ferdinand Magellan (1519-1522) Sent by Charles V to find sea route to Asia Finds Pacific Ocean Violence, storms, disease, starvation plague trip 1st to circumnavigate the world

  13. Magellan’s Voyage Around the World

  14. Magellan’s Death

  15. Spain’s Explorers • Christopher Columbus, Cortez, Francisco Pizarro, Ferdinand Magellan (remember he was Portuguese)

  16. Who is Christopher Columbus?

  17. Christopher Columbus -Spain

  18. Finish the Rhyme In 1492… Columbus sailed the ocean blue. In 1493, Columbus stole all he could see.

  19. Columbus Before Journey Genoese sailor Westward route to Asia Spain agrees to fund trip Deeply religious

  20. Discovery Oct, 1492 discovers Bahamas Met by natives; names “Indians” Sails to Cuba Goes back to Spain w/ slaves

  21. Excerpt from Columbus Diary They…brought us parrots and balls of cotton and spears and many other things, which they exchanged for the glass beads and hawks’ bells. They willingly traded everything they owned…They were well-built, with good bodies and handsome features…They do not bear arms, and do not know them, for I showed them a sword, they took it by the edge and cut themselves out of ignorance. They have no iron. Their spears are made of cane…They would make fine servants…With fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want.

  22. First Voyage

  23. Subsequent Voyages Columbus sent on three more voyages Spanish seek gold Enslave and kill native population

  24. Hernando Cortes (1519) • Sent to explore main land • Cuts ties with Spain • Seeks to “divide and conqueror”

  25. Hernando Cortez of Spain conquers Aztecs

  26. Cortes Strategy Makes alliance with the enemies of the Aztecs

  27. Aztec Depiction of Cortez

  28. Why was it so easy for Cortez to find allies?

  29. Attack Tenochtitlan Montezuma lets Cortes in; taken hostage Cortes retreats 2nd attack 1520-21, takes over city

  30. Incan Empire Massive empire Well protected Extensive road network Weakened by war and disease

  31. Francisco Pizarro of Spain brings demise to Inca Empire Machu Picchu

  32. Pizzaro Conquers Incans Tricks Atahualpa; holds hostage Collects gold ransom Kills and conquers Incan Empire

  33. Mayan Empire

  34. What Mayan Empire? By the time the Europeans arrived the Mayans were living in their version of the Dark Ages

  35. Disease kills of most of the native Americans in each situation Small pox Typhoid

  36. Native Americans Retaliation

  37. English Piracy • English/Spanish rivalry 1500s • Sir Francis Drake • “Privateer” • 2nd to circumnavigate the world

  38. Francis Drake-England – 2nd to sail around the world (served Elizabeth I)

  39. French Explorations Jacques Cartier finds St. Lawrence River for France

  40. Jacques Cartier-France to North America (Canada)

  41. Cartier’s Travels

  42. Henry Hudson • English Explorer who tried to find a way to Asia going north • Helped found NY and Canada

  43. The role of Christianity in the New World • Migration of colonists to new lands • Carried language and cultures to new lands • Conversion of indigenous peoples

  44. Results of the Age of Discovery

  45. Commercial Revolution New $ and banking system is created This is due to the huge amounts of resources pouring back into Europe from the Americas Inflation (prices rise because value of money goes down)

  46. Mercantilism · Belief that wealth=power · Economic practice adopted by European colonial powers · An effort for European powers to become self-sufficient · Theory that colonies (settlements) existed for the benefit of the mother country

  47. Mercantilism • The economic practice of Mercantilism was tough to B.E.A.T.

  48. Columbian Exchange Americas Europe

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