3.1 Printmaking

1. Analyse methods and ideas from established printmaking practice . 3.1 Printmaking Movement and beauty

2. Albrecht Durer 21 May 1471 – 6 April 1528 A German Painter, Printmaker, Goldsmith, Mathematician, Engraver and Theorist from Nuremberg. His work was successful right from the young age of twenty. Much of his work is based around religion, portraits both of others and himself, and watercolour landscapes. His grandfather was a goldsmith but turned to printing, he had many very successful printing companies. His father was a goldsmith also who trained his son in this profession and expected him to stay doing the family business. Albrecht however had a talent for art so gain an apprenticeship with at the time Nuremberg’s leading artist Michael Wolgemut at the age of fifteen in 1486. The four riders of the apocalypse

3. Durer’s Work Knight and Landsknecht The so called small Triumphal Car (the burgundianmarrige)

4. The work of Albrecht Durer I will be looking at is: “The Revelation of St John: 4. The Four Riders of the Apocalypse” This was made just before 1500 when everyone thought the world was going to end. Durer came from Northern Europe (Germany) which had a more pessimistic style than in Italy where it was warm and sunny. Artists like Raphael didn’t often do such gloomy subjects. This woodcut is the most common artwork showing all four riders. This woodcut is finely engraved with thin line. Durer is highly skilled and creating such fine detail and variety of patterns, lines, textures with wood is very difficult. Almost looks like and engraving in the amount of fine detail. The lines give it a very strong visual impact as it adds emphasis to the riders and creates a sense of power to them. The level of anatomical accuracy and natural detail was extremely high at this time which is why Durer was such a popular artist. This woodcut has fine detail right down to hades following death in the bottom corner. Even death himself seems crazed into his task and also his horse displays this same craze. Methods of Durer

5. The revelation of S.John (Apocalypse) The four riders of the apocalypse (Rev. VI, 2-8). B. CF. V. oechelauser’sApok. Reither, Berlin 1885) White Horse = Conquest. Red Horse = War Black Horse = Famine Pale Horse/Green Horse = Death.

6. Born June 16, 1935 till present, American Pop Artist. Some of his first works displayed in the Norton Simon Museum, is considered to be a massive change in the art industry as him and a handful of other artist developed ‘pop art’ out of everyday objects. Most of his work relates to imagery that is significant to himself for example his artwork of tools symbolise his relationship with his father. Many of his works relate to his family. Jim Dine Owl in the Kitchen

7. Youth and The Maiden Jims Work Double Pacific Gift

8. Methods of Jim DINE This image was my favorite of Jim Dine’s works that I looked at. 1996 Owl In The KitchenWaterless lithograph on Clarence House wallpaper Paper 90.2 x 69.5 cmEdition of 16MIA 107 This wallpaper was originally for another artist but when Jim saw it he asked if he could have a play with it. At first it didn’t work as the wallpaper resisted the ink but upon careful consideration they got the work to stick to the wallpaper. Having an Owl in the kitchen would be a problem as they might make a mess. This tension between the wild and the domestic is reinforced in the difference between the gestural ink drawing of the Owl and clean reproduction of the wall paper. There is also a contrast between the found mechanically printed wallpaper and the personal handmade gestural drawing of the owl.

9. Swoon Street Artist born 1978 (Caledonia Dance Curry) Swoon often works with imagery of people, friends and family and pastes them around places like bridges, fire escapes, abandoned buildings, water tower’s and street signs. She seems like a free spirit that’s been unleashed on the world to spread the joy and creativity of art. Swoon makes a lot of different types of artwork and often uses installation which is what I would like my work to head towards if it will fit in with my idea. Her paper cut outs are true inspiration and a very clear personal style and signature work Poster for First solo Show

10. “Her work is inspired by both art historical and folk sources, ranging from German Expressionist wood block prints to Indonesian shadow puppets.” Methods of Swoon Swoon’s use of interesting printing surfaces is an inspirational part of her artwork. Also she has a distinctive style which I personally adore. Her works are so creative and passionate and I feel they really capture a hidden message about the people within her images. You can tell through her art that she has a relationship with these people. Swoon makes the prints in her studio but places them on street walls rather than a gallery. This is because her work is about the people and for the people. It has a very political purpose in that she wants to create social change and help people. Swoon is similar in some ways to Shepherd Fairey and Banksy. Fairy because they both use print, stencil, multimedia techniques to develop one-off images that promote social issues. Although fairy also makes print runs of posters like “Obey” which he sticks up around town. Banksy because the art is intended to be in the street rather than the gallery. The difference here is that while Swoon is usually positive and advocating the strength of the people, Banksy is often subversive and critical of everything (but mainly authority)

11. “there would be free art posters and dancing and Japanther and a pirate radio station and bootleg electricity and bicycles and hundreds of people and it would all work without getting busted by the police” – Jeff Stark Installation. La Boca del Lobo, in collaboration with PolinaSoloveichik and Alison Corrie, Black Floor Gallery, Philadelphia 2006

12. The similarities between Swoon and Dine in these two works are the expressionism between the two pieces of work. Both share a similar style with a minimal background and an image using a ‘scratchy’ and expressive approach to mark making. Woodcuts are a technique that they use to create graphic and emotional works. Dine is more focused on personal expression of his own mental state and history whereas Swoon is trying to make art about the people around her and create social change. Dine’s work is more conventional in that it explores pure print processes and sits within a gallery context. Swoon is more innovation in combining print processes with street art and a lot of her work is not sold in galleries.

13. The similarities between Durer and Swoon are the detail of the figures and the use of patterns and decoration. Durer uses lines to emphases the horsemen’s energy and suggestion of movement, while Swoon uses pattern to add effect to her lovers – two figures Both artists reflect the time they live in but their reactions are different. Durer is responding to everyone’s fear about the end of the world (he makes money selling these popular themes) whereas Swoon is trying to use her art to help people – make their lives more beautiful Both artists are political in a way. Durer served kings a promoted their power while Swoon is fighting the unfairness of capitalist society. I don’t think that Swoon would be able to do what she does today in the 1500’s. If Durer was alive today it would be interesting to see if he just wanted to make money being and artist of if he used his art to create social change.

14. Although my artist have a lot of similarities there is also many differences. Durer being woodcuts doesn’t use colour as an aid in impact whereas Swoon does use colourful patterns to highlight things. Jim Dine also uses colour but in another completely different way to my other artists, Dine uses a very limited colour palette and yet it still highlights his work in a completely different way. To all my artist colour is used differently. The different colours reflect different processes but also create different effects. Bright colours would not be appropriate for Durer’s Four Horsemen, and dull colours wouldn’t help Swoon’s positive message.

15. The artists I have chosen have a sense of creativity within everyday objects or scenarios – roles that are seen or were seen/occurred in society. Durer shares his own views on how things are meant to be rather than how everybody interprets them and has such a talent with his materials whereas Jim Dine uses everyday imagery to share his own story about life, death, emotion and love. Swoon on the other hand combines both how everybody else see’s things and the everyday to create extreme works pushing the idea’s of love and emotion, poverty and humanity. All three artist create images that strike the viewer and are memorable due to the expressive marking making nature and contrast with tone and colour. All three artists try to communicate ideas rather than simply record what objects look like. Dine – uses still life to communicate his inner struggle and feelings Durer – uses bible stories and grand images to communicate social values of the time Swoon – uses figurative elements to promote ideas of social values and positive change. This relates to the statement by Paul Klee that: “The purpose of art is not to render the visible, but to render visible”.

16. Bibliography • The complete woodcuts of ALBRECHT DURER by Dr.Willikurth • Swoon, Abrams, New York c 2010 • Jim Dine Prints 1985 – 2000. A catalogue Raisonne