SP. Management and Alternatives

1. SP. Management and Alternatives Main Readings: NATO's nuclear forces. Web site Arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation in NATO. & NATON’s position regarding….Web site. The Broader Context of NATO's Nuclear Policy and Posture- Michael RÜHLE NATO's Nuclear Weapons in Europe: Beyond "Yes" or "No“- Karl-Heinz KAMP NATO’s Deterrence and Defense Posture after Chicago Summit- David S. Yost. NATO's Incredible Nuclear Strategy: Why U.S. Weapons in Europe Deter No One-Edmond Seay. Tactical nuclear weapons and NATO - Nichols, Tom and others, US Army War College SC118-8 The future of NATO’s nuclear posture, what to do with the Elephant in the Room US Nuclear Weapons in Europe. Hans M. Kristensen. Taking steps toward a world free of nuclear weapons. Sam Nunn. NATO’s new strategic concept, nuclear weapons, and global cero. Ian P. Rutherford. Spoiler and enabler: The role of ballistic-missile defence in nuclear abolition- Senn, M. Mind the Gap. Healing the NATO rift over US tactical nuclear weapons in Europe. British American security information council. US tactical nuclear weapons in Europe after NATO’s Lisbon Summit: why their withdrawl is desirable and feasible- Tom Sauer. NATO Nuclear Sharing and the NPT - Questions to be Answered, joint PENN/BASIC-BITS-CESD-ASPR Research Note 97.3, June 1997 Questions of Command and Control: NATO, Nuclear Sharing and the NPT, PENN Research Report 2000.1, Martin Butcher et al., 2000 Nuclear Sharing in NATO: Is it Legal?, OtfriedNassauer, Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, May 2001 NATO Nuclear Power Sharing and the NPT, Denise Groves, Berlin Information-center for Transatlantic Security, 6 August 2000 NATO's Positions Regarding Nuclear Non-Proliferation, Arms Control and Disarmament and Related Issues, NATO, June 2005 United States Air Forces in Europe - Munitions Support Squadron, GlobalSecurity.org Statement on behalf of the non-aligned state parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 2 May 2005 Opposition to Nuclear Sharing Leads to Proposed Senate Amendment on NATO Expansion, British American Security Information Council, May 1998 NPT à la Carte? NATO and Nuclear Non-Proliferation, Nicola Butler, Acronym Institute, 2005 A Constructed Peace: The Making of the European Settlement, 1945-1963 (Chapter 5: Eisenhower and Nuclear Sharing), Marc Trachtenberg, 1999, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-00273-8

2. SP. Management and Alternatives Nuclear weapons management in NATO. • NATO posture. Strategic Concept and DDPR. • Sharing responsibilities: DCA and support • Planning: no targeting. USA and UK nuc Submarines. • Nuclear Planning Group- NPG. Consultation & Policy • SACEUR responsibility • Use and Decision making process: • extremely remote • Dual approval process: weapon owner and delivery state. • Training: • Annual “Able Staff” exercise . No publicity, low profile. • Factors for the future: • modernization, high cost, public opinion, France involvement.

3. Location US NuclearBases

4. Status of US Nuclear weapon in Europe

5. Continued

6. SP. Management and Alternatives Possible alternatives. • Missile Defence. Main candidate. • Official posture: NO SUBSTITUTE. DDPR. Complementary (Michael Ruhle) • Sceptics: it will promote proliferation and is not a good option. (Tom Sauer and Ian Rutherford) • Euro-Bomb. France and the “Europeanist”. • Concentrate instead in counter proliferation. (Rutherford) • NATO’s nuclear force. • Not feasible in the short/medium term • Modern Conventional weapons: • Not enough deterrence.... • Strategic Nuclear weapons and submarines: • Already in place. Not an alternative • Factors: • Russia/USA negotiations. Link between MD and Nuclear disarmament. New SART treaty. • Border nations compensation. Poland, Chez Republic and Turkey