A BIM based Design Optimisation Framework for the Energy Efficient Building Design

1. A BIM based Design Optimisation Framework for the Energy Efficient Building Design Prof. Dr. Yusuf Arayici Dean of the School of Engineering, Director of theBuilt Environment Resarchandİnnovation Center Hasan Kalyoncu University,Turkey

2. Running a funded ‘Digital Design and Construction with BIM’Project • BIM Implementation Roadmap for Construction Management (Istanbul Grant Airport Case). • BIM Adoption Strategy Framework for Architectural Companies. • Performance based Design Optimization with BIM

3. The buildings sector are the most important energy consumer. In EU, up to 40% of the total energy consumption can be ascribed to the buildings sector. In addition, more than 36% of the greenhouse gases are emitted from buildings. In Turkey, buildings are responsible for a great amount energy use, making around half at present of total energy consumption. Introduction

4. Energy efficiency is an important feature in labeling the buildings design and materials as being environmentally friendly. • Buildings design components that impact the buildings energy use are: building location and architecture, orientation, building envelope (walls, windows, and shading). In addition, renewable energy technologies. • The use of emerging BIM can enhance the process of building energy analysis allowing for superior design decisions and proper calculation of buildings performance but How ? Background of the study

5. Buildings in Turkey are designed and materials are selected without taking account of environment situation (Kocagil and Oral, 2015). • New building design in Turkey does not take into consideration the environmental impact and energy assessment (Mangan and Oral 2016). • Product baseddesignvsPerformancebaseddesign Research problem

6. Research questions • What should be the design approach for the performance-based design and optimization through the BIM use? • How buildings design can be optimized to decrease energy consumption by using BIM in the design process? • Which design components would better affect the energy performance of a building? • How can BIM help for the performance-based design and optimization? • What are the active and passive design strategies that would lead to energy efficient buildings? • To what degree would the combination of building design strategies provide energy saving?

7. Research Aim and Strategy • Aimto develop a strategic BIM framework for the optimization of buildings design for energy efficient buildings in Turkey. • Exploratory case study research, employing multi case studies: • Residential Building in Istanbul. • Newly completed university building as a research center • EcologicalPassive House in Gaziantep. • Health Sciencebuilding in Hasan Kalyoncu University.

8. 2 Storey residential building in Istanbul. Case study 1 Export Import Building model in Revit gbXML Building model in Design Builder

9. The hypothetical BIM based design optimization framework

10. Building orientation Key Factors as Findings PV technology Building shape Building energy performance Window shading Green roofing Wall materials Insulation Window and glazing

11. Two storey building, Constructed in Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep-Turkey. Case study 2 Building model in Revit gbXML Building model in Design Builder

12. Building orientation Analysis and results

13. Heat gain and loses of exterior walls

14. Heat gain of exterior windows

15. Exterior window and glazing

16. Glazing energy performance and energy cost

17. Insulation materials

18. Insulation energy performance and energy cost

19. A Design Optimization Process • Should include: • Stakeholders. • Process stages and tasks. • Data and information exchange requirements.

20. 1. Stakeholders and design process and tasks.

21. 2. Data and information exchange requirements

22. Renewable technology implementation (PV) • One of the most appropriate strategies for designing low energy building is the use of advanced building technology and renewable energy system. • Turkey has the third largest installation of solar capacity in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to include in the building design such technologies. • Design builder is used to designandsimulatePV systems forPV orientation, PV tilt angle, and PV row distance

23. Modeling the PV array by using Design Builder software. PV array with an area of 2.92 M2 with tilt angle of 60°, facing south 3 PV array models with row spacing equal to 2 m facing south.

24. Analysis and results • 1- PV orientation

25. 2- PV tilt angle

26. 3- PV row distance

27. Findings

28. Case study 3 • One storey building constructed by Gaziantep municipality • The first example of passive house in Turkey is “Gaziantep ecological building”. • Project start date: July 2012 • Project completion date: September 2013

29. Characteristic of Ecological buildings • Compact architectural design. • Produces the energy needed from solar energy • Maximum energy saving (maximum utilization of daylight, LED lighting. • Superior insulation system with 3 glazed window and heat insulation joinery system. • High insulated building shell. • Minimum water consumption. • Green roof system and green landscape.

30. Passive house energy generation and consumption • Total energy generated in 2016: 26 100 KW • Total energy consumed in 2016: 20 945 KW • Total energy generated in 2017: 18 625 KW • Total energy consumed in 2017: 16 178 KW

31. Performance parameters: heat gain and losses through building vertical surfaces (exterior walls and windows). Performance parameters: orientation, tilt angle, row spacing Performance parameters: shape type and shape factor. Building orientation PV technology Building shape Performance parameters: LAI, plants height Performance parameters: shading type and projection (external), solar reflectivity. Building energy performance Green roofing Window shading Wall materials Insulation Window and glazing Performance parameters: insulation material type, U-value Performance parameters: wall materials types, U-value. Performance parameters: glazing layers, glazing types thickness, gas infill types and thickness. (U-value and SHGC)

32. The actual energy consumption of the building is equal to 16178 KWh, while the results obtained from Design Builder suggests a total energy use equal to 16348.22 KWh. • There are some materials used in the building were locally manufactured. Therefore, similar materials with different physical characteristics are considered in the software.

33. 1. Wall insulation Analysis and Results

34. 2. Exterior windows and glazing

36. The Local energy performance assessment scheme • Developing an scoring scale legend for performance evaluation

37. Example of how to grade different wall insulation materials?

39. The BIM based design optimization frame work

43. Case study 4 • To evaluation of theoverall framework on thehealthscience building case study. • 1- Building design process • 2- Building design optimization • 3- Building design performanceassessment

44. 1- Building design process 3D building mode in Revit- Architecture Building model imported into Design Builder software • The following steps are required to ensure a proper analytical space of the building design: • Create and design the building by using Revit Architecture. • Define the thermal zones in the building which refers to 3 dimensional space • Make sure that there is no gap in the model by adjusting the rooms area at the wall center. • Import the building model into design builder software to perform the building analysis and simulation.

45. Implementation of the Design Rules for the Optimization • Building orientation: long length walls are facing south and north direction, and bigger glaze area are stored at the long walls facing south. • Building form: rectangular building shape, and shape factor of 2.89 • Insulation: using extruded polystyrene (XPS) for both external wall and roof. • External windows: triple-low e glazing (6mm)/16mm xenon gas • External walls: the use of autoclaved concrete (AAC) block • Window shading: the use of slatted blind high reflectivity for internal shading, and the use of (overhang +fin) with projection of 0.5 m for external shading.

46. 1. Building shape Analysis and Results

47. 2. Internal shading

48. 3. External shading

49. The cooling energy consumption would have been deceased by 56% from 87458.08 KWh to 38118.06 KWh, • The heating energy consumption would have been decreased by 3% from 75284.84 KWh to 73246.71 KWh, • The CO2 emission is also reduced by 28% from 81790.76 Kg to 58578.48 Kg. • The annual cost saving is equal to 25,689.075 TL

50. 3- Building Design Evaluation