History

2. History 1961 Robert S. McNamara Planning : it was the thing to do. Context : steady economic growth and general propensity method and technology help decision making Believe : godsend to the top

3. Five characteristics Line-management function. Help Decision. Effective planning involves a process together. Unique (different environment) Continual change.

4. ??????????????????????????Strategic Planning concept

5. 1. Harvard Policy model ????????????????????? Harvard Business School ?????????????????????? 1920 ??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

6. 1. Harvard Policy model (cont.) ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????? SWOT ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

7. 1. Harvard Policy model (cont.) ?????????????? : ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? : ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? : ???????????? SWOT ?????????? ???????????? : ???????????? SWOT ????????????????????????????????????????????????

8. 2. Strategic planning systems ???????????????????? - ????????????? (???????) - ?????????????????????????????(???????) - ??????????????????????????????????(????????) - ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(Control) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????

9. 2. Strategic planning systems (cont.) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

10. 2. Strategic planning systems (cont.) ??????????????????????????? - ????????????????????? - ?????????????????????? - ??????????????????? - ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

11. 3. Stakeholder management ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

12. 4. Content approach 4.1 Portfolio method 4.2 Competitive analysis

13. 4. Content approach 4.1 Portfolio method ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????

14. 4. Content approach (cont.) 4.2 Competitive analysis ??????????????????????????????????????? Porter : 5 force model - ??????????????????? / ???????????????????????????????? / ??????????????????????? / ???????????????????????????????? / ?????????????????????????????

15. 4. Content approach (cont.) 4.2 Competitive analysis (cont.) ??????????????? 5 ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????

16. 5. Strategic issues management ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? SWOT ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????

17. 6. Process Strategies 6.1 Strategic negotiations ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 6.2 Logical incrementalism ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

18. 6. Process Strategies (cont.) 6.3 Innovation framework ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????? ??? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????

19. ??????????????????????????????? King and Cleland (1978) �????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????�

20. ??????????????????????????????? Olsen and Eadie (1982) �??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????�

21. ??????????????????????????????? Toft (1986) �???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????�

22. ???????????????????????????? Bryson(1995) ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????

23. ???????????????????????????? Bryson(1995) (cont.) ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????

24. ??????????????????????? Bryson(1995)???????????????????????????????????????????? 10 ??????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? SWOT

25. ???????????????????????(???) ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? 5 ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????

27. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ????????? 5-10 ?? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????? 1-5 ?? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

28. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

29. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

30. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????????????????????????????????

31. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

32. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

33. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

34. ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

36. ??????????????????????? ?????????? 1 ??????????????????????????????????

37. ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

38. ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????

39. ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

40. ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????? ??????????????????

41. ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

42. ????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? nominal group technique snow card technique oval mapping process ??????????????????

43. ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? nominal group technique snow card technique oval mapping process

44. ??????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????

45. ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

46. ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

47. ??????????????????????? ?????????? 2 ?????????????

48. What is mandates ? know exactly what it is formally and informally required to do (and not do) by external authorities Formal requirements Laws, ordinances, articles of incorporation, charters. Informal requirements The cultural norms or expectations of key stakeholders such as the electorate or their duly-elected representatives.

49. Purpose and Outcomes 1. Identification of the organization's formal and informal mandates 2. Interpretation of what is required as a result of these mandates (leading perhaps to explicit goals or performance indicators) 3. Clarification of what is not ruled out by these mandates.

50. Process 1. Have someone compile the organization's formal and informal mandates 2. Review the mandates in order to clarify what is required and what is allowed 3. Regularly remind organizational members what the organization is required to do, as a way of ensuring conformity with the mandates.

51. ??????????????????????? ?????????? 3 ???????????????

52. What is Mission ? What is our business ? Creed Statement

53. Purpose and Outcomes Clarification of mission and the subsequent development of a vision of success. The aim of mission clarification is to specify the organization's purposes and the philosophy and values that guide it.

54. Outcomes A stakeholder analysis A mission statement

55. Stakeholder Analysis Process To identify exactly who the organization's stakeholders are. To specify the criteria the stakeholders use to assess the organization's performance. To make a judgment about how well the organization performs against the stakeholders' criteria.

56. Who ?

57. What ? To guess what the criteria are Ask the stakeholders themselves surveys, interviews, or group discussions

58. How ? How the various stakeholders influence the organization. To discuss what the organization needs from each stakeholder group. To rank stakeholders according to their importance to the organization.

59. Mission Statement 1. Who are we? 2. What are the basic social or political needs we exist to meet, or what are the basic social or political problems we exist to address? 3. What do we do to recognize, anticipate, and respond to these needs or problems?

60. Mission Statement 4. How should we respond to our key stakeholders? 5. What are our philosophy, values, and culture? 6. What makes us distinctive or unique?

61. ??????????????????????? ?????????? 4 ???????????????????????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????

62. ???????????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????(P) Purpose

63. ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? Outcomes

64. ???????????????????? PESTs ????????????????????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????? External Environment Assessments

65. Tools SWOT Analysis Three-part model Scanning Analysis Reporting

66. Three-part model Scanning ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????

67. Three-part model Analysis ??????????? ?????? ???????????????????????????? nominal group technique ???????????????? Reporting ?????????????????????????

68. ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????????????? Internal Environment Assessments