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Genetics Vocabulary

Genetics Vocabulary. Quiz set #2. Autosome The chromosome that is not the sex chromosome, in a human the chromosomes #1-#22 are the autosomes. Chromosome

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Genetics Vocabulary

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  1. Genetics Vocabulary Quiz set #2

  2. Autosome The chromosome that is not the sex chromosome, in a human the chromosomes #1-#22 are the autosomes • Chromosome DNA containing structure that carries genetic material from one generation to the next, in a human diploid cell there are 46 individual chromosomes, a bacteria has a single chromosome

  3. Law of segregation Mendelian law stating that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis • Law of independent assortment Mendalian law stating that a random distribution of alleles occurs during the formation of gametes,

  4. Karyotype A picture of pairs of homologous chromosomes arranged in decreasing size, in a human karyotype there are 23 pairs of chromosomes

  5. Pedigree Diagram family history used to study inheritance patterns of a trait through multiple generations. Used to predict disorders in the future.

  6. Nondisjunction Failure of chromosomes to separate during anaphase, the result is often an abnormal chromosome # called Aneuploidy, or polyploidism • Sex chromosome The chromosome that determines the sex of the organism, in a human the 23rd pair determines sex, XX- female Xy- male • Sex linked trait A trait carried on the X chromosome, ex hemophilia and colorblindness Zygote A fertilized egg, the union of two haploid gametes

  7. Sister chromatid When DNA makes an identical copy of itself during replication the two copies are connected at the centromere until pulled apart during anaphase, each copy is called a sister chromatid

  8. Mendalian law stating that a random distribution of alleles occurs during the formation of gametes, • Law of independent assortment

  9. Diagram family history used to study inheritance patterns of a trait through multiple generations. Used to predict disorders in the future. • pedigree

  10. The chromosome that is not the sex chromosome, in a human the chromosomes #1-#22 are the autosomes • autosome

  11. The chromosome that determines the sex of the organism, in a human the 23rd pair determines sex, • XX- female • Xy- male • Sex chromosome

  12. A picture of pairs of homologous chromosomes arranged in decreasing size, in a human karyotype there are 23 pairs of chromosomes • karyotype

  13. Chromosome • DNA containing structure that carries genetic material from one generation to the next, in a human diploid cell there are 46 individual chromosomes, a bacteria has a single chromosome

  14. A trait carried on the X chromosome, ex hemophilia and colorblindness • Sex linked trait

  15. Mendelian law stating that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis • Law of segregation

  16. Identical copies of DNA made during replication these two copies are connected at the centromere until pulled apart during anaphase • Sister chromatids

  17. A fertilized egg, the union of two haploid gametes • zygote

  18. Failure of chromosomes to separate during anaphase, the result is often an abnormal chromosome # called Aneuploidy, or polyploidism • nondisjunction

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