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Soil-transmitted Helminthes

Soil-transmitted Helminthes. Yemeng Lu. Overview. Infectious Agents Prevalence Transmission Health Problems Treatment Control. Public health image library database (PHIL) of the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC).

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Soil-transmitted Helminthes

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  1. Soil-transmitted Helminthes Yemeng Lu

  2. Overview • Infectious Agents • Prevalence • Transmission • Health Problems • Treatment • Control Public health image library database (PHIL) of the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC)

  3. The causal agents of soil-transmitted helminthiasis are three type of worms Laboratory Identification of Parasites of Public Health Concern Image Library • Necatoramericanus and Ancylostomaduodenale (Hookworms) • Ascaris lumbricoides (Roundworms) • Trichuristrichura (Whipworms) • Infectious Agents • Prevalence • Treatment • Transmission • Health Problems • Control

  4. Partners for Parasite Control: Fact Sheet • Prevalence • Infectious Agents • Treatment • Transmission • Health Problems • Control

  5. Severe and heavy helminth infections cause more than 150,000 deaths annually • Prevalence • Infectious Agents • Treatment • Transmission • Health Problems • Control

  6. Worm burdens exhibit a highly aggregated (over dispersed) distribution “Three hundred million people are severely ill due to worms” • Certain individuals tend to be predisposed to heavy infections • Genetics - Chromosome 1,13 • Behavior • Poverty Partners for Parasite Control: Newsletter Issue 1 • Prevalence • Infectious Agents • Treatment • Transmission • Health Problems • Control

  7. Soil-Based Helminths are transmitted via two mechanisms: ingestion and penetration Partners for Parasite Control: Newsletter Issue 1 • Transmission • Prevalence • Infectious Agents • Treatment • Health Problems • Control

  8. A. lumbricoides is the largest of the intestinal nematodes affecting humans • Transmission • Prevalence • Infectious Agents • Treatment • Health Problems • Control

  9. http://curezone.us/image_gallery/parasites/ Soil-transmitted helminthes produce a wide range of intestinal, nutritional and developmental health problems. • Health Problems • Prevalence • Treatment • Transmission • Control • Infectious Agents

  10. STH infections are treatable with anthelmintic drugs ="deworming" Modified from Helminth control in school-age children The cost of treatment is less than $0.25 per person per year. Partners for Parasite Control • Treatment • Prevalence • Transmission • Health Problems • Control • Infectious Agents

  11. Roundworm STH infections are treatable with anthelmintic drugs ="deworming" Whipworm • Treatment • Prevalence • Transmission • Health Problems • Control • Infectious Agents

  12. Albendazole impairs the assembly of microtubules in worm cells and prevent glucose uptake Albendazole Cellular transport mechanisms Tubulin Assembly into microtubules Rectal Expulsion Glucose Worm intestinal cells

  13. Anthelmintic drug treatmentcombined with improved sanitation and health Education can reduce transmission and infection Helminth control in school-age children • Control • Treatment • Prevalence • Transmission • Health Problems • Infectious Agents

  14. Citation: • Hotez PJ, Bundy DA, et al. Helminth Infections: Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis. In: Jamison DT, Measham AR, Alleyne G, eds. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd ed. New York, NY: World Bank/Oxford University Press; 2006 Chapter 24. • De Silva N. R., Chan M. S., Bundy D. A. P. Morbidity and Mortality Due to Ascariasis: Re-estimation and Sensitivity Analysis of Global Numbers at Risk. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 1997; 2: 519–28. • Montresor A, Crompton DW, Gyorkos TW, Savioli L, et al. Helminth Control in School-age Children: A Guide for Managers of Control Programmes. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2002: 1-35. • Issue 1: Introduction. Action Against Worms. Partners for Parasite Control. March 2003. • Fact sheet: Soil-transmitted helminthes. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/wormcontrol/documents/fact_sheets/soil_transmitted_helminths/en/index.html; 2010; April 2nd 2010. • Schmidt J. Effects of benzimidazoleanthelmintics as microtubule-active drugs on the synthesis and transport of surface glycoconjugates in Hymenolepismicrostoma, Echinostomacaproni, and Schistosomamansoni. Parasitology Research. 1998 May;84(5):362-8. • Roos MH, Kwa MS, Veenstra JG, Kooyman FN, Boersema JH. Molecular aspects of drug resistance in parasitic helminths. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 1993 Nov;60(2):331-6. • Lacey E. The role of the cytoskeletal protein, tubulin, in the mode of action and mechanism of drug resistance to benzimidazoles. International Journal for Parasitology 1988 Nov;18(7):885-936. • Ascariasis, Parasite and Health; Laboratory Identification of Parasites of Public Health Concern, Center for Disease Control; http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/html/Ascariasis.htm; July 2009; April 2nd 2010.

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