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RNA-Unit 6 cont.

Structure Types of RNA Transcription. RNA-Unit 6 cont. = RiboNucleic Acid. rna. Polymer Single stranded Monomers Nucleotides. structure. Monomers made of 3 parts each: Phosphate Group Ribose Sugar 1 of 4 nitrogen bases C, A, G, and U! U = Uracil No Thymine!.

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RNA-Unit 6 cont.

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  1. Structure Types of RNA Transcription RNA-Unit 6 cont.

  2. =RiboNucleic Acid rna

  3. Polymer • Single stranded • Monomers • Nucleotides structure

  4. Monomers made of 3 parts each: • Phosphate Group • Ribose Sugar • 1 of 4 nitrogen bases • C, A, G, and U! • U = Uracil • No Thymine! Rnanucleotides

  5. Pyrimidine-why? Pairs with adenine uracil

  6. Compare rna to Dna

  7. 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) • “Records” information from the DNA in the nucleus and transports it out of the nucleus to the ribosomes 3 types of rna

  8. 2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) • Delivers amino acids to site of protein synthesis (ribosomes) 3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) • Helps with ribosome structure; function not entirely understood • We will not go into detail on these second 2 until next week! 3 types of rna

  9. DNA is at risk of being damaged if it leaves the nucleus The info in DNA is copied into mRNA mRNA is able to leave nucleus and travel to ribosomes (site of protein synthesis) Why is mrna important?

  10. It brings amino acids to ribosomes to form protein strand. Why is trna important?

  11. Transcription • 4 Steps (similar to replication) • What is different between transcription and DNA replication? How do we get mrna from dna?

  12. 1. DNA is “unzipped” (HELICASE) 2. Match correct nucleotides according to base pair rules *On only one sideof the DNA (RNA POLYMERASE) *U’s not T’s! Steps of transcription

  13. 3. Bonding-covalent bonds form between sugar and phosphates *Why don’t the hydrogen bonds remain? 4. Transcription occurs until a “stop sign” is reached and the mRNA strand is complete Transcription Animation Steps of transcription

  14. 3 Nitrogen bases represents 1 CODON = 1 AMINO ACID • 64 possible codons • 3 “stop” codons • 61 code for amino acids (20 possibilities) • 1 codes to start = AUG = methionine • Code is universal – codons represent the same amino acid in all organisms Genetic code - TRANSLation

  15. Codon decoder

  16. Use your codon chart to answer the following: 1. How many different codons code for valine? 2. The codon CGU is for which amino acid? 3. What are the codons for the three “stops”? 4. What are the first 3 amino acids for this strand of mRNA? Codon chart

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