IV . Wastewater Treatment Technologies Topic. IV. 6. Methods, Processes and Facilities for Wastewater and Sludge Treat

1. IV. Wastewater Treatment TechnologiesTopic. IV. 6. Methods, Processes and Facilities for Wastewater and Sludge Treatment. Basic Technological Schemes Methods for Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Basic classifications: • Physical (mechanical) methods • Chemical methods • Physical-chemical methods • Biological methods • Disinfection methods • Primary treatment methods (mechanical) • Secondary treatment methods (biological) • Tertiary treatment methods (mechanical, biological)

2. Processes for Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Basic classifications: • Physical (Mechanical) methods • Processes of screening • Processes of settling • Processes of filtration and filtering • Processes of membrane separation • Chemical methods • Processes of chemical oxidation • Processes of electrical-chemical oxidation • Processes of chemical neutralisation • Physical-chemical methods • Processes of coagulation • Processes of flotation(pressure, vacuum) • Processes of sorption • Processes of ion exchange • Processes of extraction • Processes of evaporation • Processes of crystallisation

3. Processes for Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Basic classifications: • Biological methods • Processes with suspended biomass (activated sludge) • Processes with attached biomass • Processes with immobilized enzymes • Aerobic processes • Anaerobic processes • Anoxic processes • Sets of aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic processes • Disinfection • Processes of chlorination • Processes of ozonation • Processes of irradiation

4. Facilities for Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Basic classifications: • Processes of screening • Bar racks • Screens • Micro-mesh screens • Processes of settling • Grit chambers • Settling tanks/Clarifiers (primary, secondary, tertiary) • Fat/Oil separators • Sludge thickeners • Settling centrifuges • Processes of filtration • Filters (sand, coal, ceramic)

5. Processes of filtering Vacuum filters Filter-presses (frame, camera, belt) Filtering centrifuges Processes of membrane separation Ultrafiltration Invert osmosis Mixed liquor separation Reagents dosing Processes of chemical oxidation Reagents storage reservoirs Reagents solutions reservoirs Reagents dosing equipment Reagents mixing facilities Chemical reactors Processes of neutralisation Equalising tanks Reagents management facilities Mixing chambers Chemical reactors Processes of coagulation Reagents management facilities Mixing chambers Flocculation chambers Facilities for Wastewater and Sludge TreatmentBasic classifications:

6. Processes of flotation Reagents management facilities Flotation tanks Flotation tanks auxiliary equipment Processes of sorption Sorption filters Sorbent regeneration facilities Processes of ion exchange Ion exchange filters Ion resins regeneration facilities Activated sludge processes Aerated tanks Anoxic tanks Anaerobic tanks High/Low rate anaerobic digesters Aerobic digesters Upflow sludge blanket reactors Lagoons, Lakes (aerobic, anaerobic, facultative Attached biomass processes Trickling filters (high/low rate) Rotating disks Wetlands Facilities for Wastewater and Sludge TreatmentBasic classifications:

7. I. Wastewater treatment First stage (mechanical) facilities Bar racks (coarse and fine) Grit chambers Primary clarifiers (settling tanks) Second stage (biological) facilities Aeration tanks Secondary clarifiers Third stage (disinfection) facilities Regents management facilities Mixing chamber Contact tank II. Sludge treatment Excess activated sludge (secondary sludge) thickening Sludge thickeners Primary and secondary sludge stabilization High rate anaerobic digesters Digested sludge dewatering Filterpress Sludge drying beds Auxiliary facilities Pumping stations Channels, pipelines, distribution chambers, flow meters, etc. Basic Technological Schemes for Municipal Wastewater and Sludge TreatmentConventional Secondary Treatment Scheme with Aerated Tanks

8. Conventional Secondary Treatment Scheme with Aerated Tanks 1 - bar racks; 2 - grit chambers; 3 - primary settling tanks; 4 - aerated tanks; 5 - secondary clarifiers; 6 - mixing chamber; 7 - contact tank; 8 - outlet device; 9 - sludge thickeners; 10 - high rate anaerobic digesters; 11 - sand drying beds; 12 - sludge dewatering machines; 13 - dewatered sludge store field; 14 - chlorinated station Basic Technological Schemes for Municipal Wastewater and Sludge Treatment

9. Master Plan of WWTP with Aerated Tanks I - bar racks building II - horizontal grit chambers III, IV, V, IX, X, XI, XIII, XIV, XV, XVII, XIX - channels VI - activated sludge regenerator VII - preliminary aerated chamber VIII - horizontal primary settling tanks XII - aerated tanks XVI - horizontal secondary clarifiers XVIII - contact chambers XX - solids wastes storage XXI - sludge thickening tanks XXII - high rate anaerobic digester XXIII - gas-holder XXIV - chlorination management units XXV - compressors station, workshop XXVI - laboratory Basic Technological Schemes for Municipal Wastewater and Sludge Treatment

10. I. Wastewater treatment First stage (mechanical) facilities Bar racks (coarse and fine) Grit chambers Primary clarifiers (settling tanks) Second stage (biological) facilities Trickling filters Secondary clarifiers Third stage (disinfection) facilities Regents management facilities Mixing chamber Contact tank II. Sludge treatment Primary and secondary sludge stabilization Low rate anaerobic digesters Digested sludge dewatering Centrifuges Sludge drying beds Auxiliary facilities Pumping stations Channels, pipelines, distribution chambers, flow meters, etc. Basic Technological Schemes for Municipal Wastewater and Sludge TreatmentConventional Secondary Treatment Scheme with Trickling Filters

11. Master Plane of WWTP with Trickling Filters I - bar racks building II - grit chambers III - water meter IV, VII, VIII, XI - distribution chambers V - vertical primary settlers VI - high rate trickling filters IX - vertical secondary clarifiers X - mixing chamber XII - contact chambers XIII - high rate anaerobic digesters XIV - waste biomass storage XV - recirculating wastewater reservoir XVI - office/laboratory building XVII - service buildings XVIII - sand storage chambers Basic Technological Schemes for Municipal Wastewater and Sludge Treatment

12. I. Wastewater treatment First stage (mechanical) facilities Bar racks (coarse and fine) Grit chambers Second stage (biological) facilities Anaerobic tanks Anoxic tanks Aerated tanks Secondary clarifiers Third stage (disinfection) facilities Regents management facilities Mixing chamber Contact tank II. Sludge treatment Excess activated sludge (secondary sludge) thickening Sludge thickeners Primary and secondary sludge separate stabilization High rate anaerobic digesters Aerobic digesters Digested sludge dewatering Filterpresses Sludge drying beds Auxiliary facilities Pumping stations, channels pipes, distribution chambers, etc. Basic Technological Schemes for Municipal Wastewater and Sludge TreatmentAdvanced (Tertiary) Treatment Scheme with Nutrients Removal