Presented by: Huda Haddad Supervisor: Dr. Abdalla Obeidat Co-Advisor : Dr. Borhan Al-biss

1. Studying Magnetotransport Properties of Superconductors Using LabVIEWدراسة الخواص الكهربائية و المغناطيسية للمواد فائقة الموصلية باستخدام LabVIEWبرمجية

2. Studying Magnetotransport Properties of Superconductors Using LabVIEWLabVIEWدراسة الخواص المغناطيسية والكهربائية للمواد فائقة labViewالموصلية باستخدام برمجية Presented by: Huda Haddad Supervisor: Dr. Abdalla Obeidat Co-Advisor: Dr. Borhan Al-biss

3. Studying Magnetotransport Properties of Superconductors Using LabVIEWدراسة الخواص الكهربائية و المغناطيسية للمواد فائقة الموصلية باستخدام LabVIEWبرمجية

4. Introduction to Superconductivity • Zero resistivity • discovered by H. Kammerlingh Onnes in • 1911 • transmission of current at any distance with no losses. • production of large magnetic fields. • storage of energy.

5. Limitation of superconductivity • Critical temperature Tc . • Critical current density Jc . • Critical magentic field Hc .

6. Introduction to Superconductivity Types of supercondctors • Type-I (perfect diamagnetism, Meissner state) • type-II Diamagnetic It causes a magnet to levitate above a superconductor

7. Evolution of superconductivity • isotope effect in superconductors by Maxwell (1950) • Josephson effect (tunneling effect) (1962) • Bardeen-Cooper-Schriefer (BSC theory) (1965) • Until 1986, the highest Tc observed for any superconductor was only 23.2 K in an alloy of niobium, aluminium and germanium • synthesis of rare-earth metal oxides with the discovery of the YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) (1987) Tc of 93 K

8. Tc over years

9. YBCO (93 K)

10. Application of Superconductivity • Transmission Line • Electric Motors • High Temperature Superconductor Transformers • Super Fast Computer Chips • Levitation Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Devices (SMES) • Magnetic Levitation Vehicles • Superconducting Magnets • Power Electronics • Magnetic field Sensors • Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUID) • High Temperature Superconductor Filters

11. LabVIEW Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench LabView is a graphical programming language by NI LabView used to automate data acquisition in research labs and industry

12. LabVIEW Programs LabVIEW programs are called virtual instruments or Vis. because their appearance and operation imitate physical instruments, such as oscilloscopes and multimeters.

13. NI ElVIS II hard ware

14. NI ELVIS II Soft Panel • Arbitrary Waveform Generator (ARB) • Bode Analyzer • Digital Reader • Digital Writer • Digital Multimeter (DMM) • Dynamic Signal Analyzer (DSA) • Function Generator (FGEN) • Impedance Analyzer • Oscilloscope (Scope)

15. Band Bass Filter

16. Results By NI ElVIS II

18. GPIB 488.2

19. GPIB Signals

20. Restrictions of GPIB • A maximum separation of four meters between any two devices • an average separation of two meters over the entire bus • maximum total cable length of 20 meters • No more than 15 devices connected to each bus

21. LF IMPEDENCE ANALYZERPrimary use for characterizing dielectric properties of polymers

22. Parameters measured by Display A and Display B

23. hp4192A –computer interface

24. Home page of hp4192A

25. Calibration page

26. RUN & ACQUIRE DATA

27. analyzed Data page and part of its block diagram

28. Results by Labview program

33. Experimental Set-Up • SourceMeter from KEITHLEY • A cryostat • Digital temperature controller from LakeShore • Electromagnet (model Oxford) • Vacuum rotary pump • Current-Voltage source (up to 20A).

34. Sample preperation

35. The Linear Four Probe Method ρ = (π / ln 2)× (V/I) × t × k

36. Measurements procedure • The surface of the sample was polished. • The sample was placed on the cooper sample holder • Four probes were connected to the sample surface by silver paint • The sample holder was entered inside the cryostat and the cryostat was closed tightly • The vacuum pump was turned on for one hour or more before starting the cooling

37. A current was applied by the current source manually in two directions Liquid nitrogen was poured slowly through the fill funnel to start cooling after one hour the temperature reaches 78 K The temperature controller was used to set the desired temperature; we waited for 10 minutes after reaching the desired temperature At each temperature, readings are taken with current flow in each direction and the corresponding resistivity values are averaged to minimize the noise effect and the thermal voltage building After finishing the measurements all instruments were turned off Finally, the vacuum pump was turned off and the sample was removed out of the cryostat Measurements procedure

38. TUNING A TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER

39. R-T programs

40. Resistance versus Temperature

42. I-V programs

43. V-I measurement for the pure YBCO

44. I-V characteristics of YBCO

45. various voltage criteria used to determine critical current

46. Levitation Force • Type of superconductor • Shape of the magnet and superconductor

47. Levitation force Measurements Set-Up • Magnet-magnet • Magnet-pure SC • Magnet-nano-AL2O3 doped YBCO with cylindrical shape(radius = 10 mm, height = 2 mm)

48. Magnet-Magnet Levitation force

49. Pure Superconductor-Magnet Levitation Force

50. levitation force for YBCO sample (ZFC) with nano pinning sites