The Musculoskeletal System

1. The Musculoskeletal System • BONES • There are 206 bones in the body

2. BONES • 4 bone types • LONG • FLAT • IRREGULAR • SHORT

3. SKULL

4. The Skull • Two sections • Cranial • Facial

5. 22 Bones make up the skull • Facial bones 14

6. 8 Cranial Bones

7. Cranial= 8 bones Frontal Temporal Occipital Parietal Facial- 14 bones Maxillary Mandible Nasal The skull NEW Book PG 104 Draw skull and label

8. 33 vertebrae The central nervous system contains the spinal cord and the brain Between each vertebrae there is a intervertebral disc (shock absorber) DRAW Thoracic example on page 70 and label Body Foramen Transverse process Spinous process Laminae The Vertebral (SPINAL) Column

9. Vertebral column • Cervical vertebrae • Thoracic vertebrae • Lumbar vertebrae • Sacrum • Coccyx • The sacrum and the hip bones form the body structure called the pelvic girdle

10. 33,26,30 • Cervical Vertebrae – C1- C7 All mammals except manatees and sloths have seven cervical vertebrae, whatever the length of the neck. • Thoracic –T1- T 12 • Lumbar – L1-L5 • Sacrum – 5 fused • Coccyx – 4 fused

11. FUN WEBSITE WITH INTERACTIVE ID OF PARTS OF VERTEBRAE • http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/skeletontt.htm • http://www.purposegames.com/game/1009 • http://www.purposegames.com/game/1541

12. Additional Web sites • http://www.purposegames.com/game/183/info • http://www.abcya.com/skeletal_system.htm • http://www.fossweb.com/modules3-6/HumanBody/index.html

13. Thoracic Bones • Bones of the thoracic cage are • Sternum • 12 pairs of ribs (10 connected and 2 floating) • Manubrium • Xiphoid process • Intercostal spaces- dead space between ribs OLD BOOK Draw and label the above pg 72

14. Scapula Collarbone Acromion Humerous Radius Ulna Carpal bones 8 (wrist) Metacarpals 5 per hand Phalanges 14 proximal medial distal Shoulder Girdle and Upper Extremities Draw and label above may connect and make one large drawing OLD Book pg 73 and 74

15. Pelvic girdle Ileum Ischium Pubis Lower Extremities Femur Tibia Fibula Tarsus Pelvic Girdle and Lower Extremities Draw and label above old book pg75 A & B and pg 78fig 6-12 pg and fig 6-13

16. How many bones are in the human foot? • A. 17 • B. 32 • C. 26 • D. 12

17. FOOT/ANKLE • 15 % of all sports injuries involve the ligaments, bones, and tendons of the ankle • The ankle absorbs 3x’s the force of the body during running and jumping • FYI • 20,000 ankle sprains in US a yr • Feet cushion up to 1 million lbs. of pressure during a single hr. of strenuous exercise • The feet log 1,000 miles per year

18. Identify sex of skeletal remains by pelvis ♀ = female♂= male

19. 3 types of Joints Diarthroses Amphiarthroses Synarthroses 4 types of Diarthroses Hinge joints Ball and socket joints Pivot joints Gliding joints Joints

20. Specific Joint Motion • The skull • The only moveable skull joint is the temporomandibular joint • Capable of flexion, extension, protraction and retraction • All other movement between the skull, neck trunk are made by intervertebral joints of the vertebral body

21. Specific Joint motions • HEAD AND NECK • Occipital bone and cervical vertebrae (c1 and C2) allow F, E, Right and Left lateral F, and right and left rotation • Trunk • Most motion in cervical and lumbar area • Intervertebral joints • Gliding joints • Same as head and neck • Motion in the thoracic spine is limited by rib cage

22. Specific joint motion • Shoulder girdle and upper extremities • Ball and socket joint • Allows F, E, AB, AD, Internal and external rotation • Elbow is hinge joint(moves in 1 direction) • Flexion and extension • Wrist-flexion, extention rotation • Fingers-F,E, AB, AD

23. Specific Joint Motion • Pelvic girdle and lower extremities • Built for weight bearing( to hold you up) • Hip-ball and socket • Motion same as shoulder • Knee –modified hinge-joint F, E, limited RO • Ankle –similar to wrist • Toes- same as fingers