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Air Pollution

Air Pollution. ARIAtlas.org. Every year, 1.96 million people die from ARIs as a result of indoor air pollution. Source: ARIAtlas.org , World Lung Foundation 2010. Outdoor air pollution causes 121,000 ARI deaths annually. Source: ARIAtlas.org , World Lung Foundation 2010. Global Impact.

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Air Pollution

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  1. Air Pollution ARIAtlas.org

  2. Every year, 1.96 million people die from ARIs as a result of indoor air pollution. Source: ARIAtlas.org, World Lung Foundation 2010

  3. Outdoor air pollution causes 121,000 ARI deaths annually. Source: ARIAtlas.org, World Lung Foundation 2010

  4. Global Impact • Indoor air pollution associated with using biomass fuels (such as wood and grasses) causes an estimated 871,500 deaths annually from childhood pneumonia. • The release of particles and chemicals from tobacco use contributes significantly to indoor air pollution. Children living in households with people who smoke are twice as likely to develop ARIs severe enough to require hospitalization.

  5. Global Impact • From 1985 to 2007, only 44 studies were published focusing on the link between indoor air pollution and ARIs in developing countries. • Outdoor air pollution, mostly associated with motor vehicle and industrial emissions, causes 121,000 ARI-related deaths annually.

  6. The greatest lung damage results from particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns. The Particulate Danger Zone Source: ARIAtlas.org, World Lung Foundation 2010

  7. Actions That Make a Difference • Indoor Pollution • Greater use of alternate cooking fuels, stoves designed to burn biomass more cleanly, and vented propane or kerosene stoves for heating would have a significant impact on indoor air pollution, but they require equipment and an affordable fuel supply.

  8. Actions That Make a Difference • After examining indoor air quality in Bangladeshi households, researchers offered these ideas for reducing contamination: • – Encourage bulk purchases of cleaner fuel at the village level • to reduce costs. • – Relocate cooking facilities to peripheral areas of the home so that pollutants can more readily disperse outside. • – Use more permeable construction materials to enhance ventilation. • – Share cooking responsibilities to reduce individual exposure.

  9. Actions That Make a Difference • The challenges and successes of China’s National Improved Stove Program and India’s National Biomass Cook-Stoves Initiative merit attention. • More research is needed to understand the nature and extent of the association between indoor air pollution and ARIs.

  10. Actions That Make a Difference • Outdoor Pollution • Government strategies to reduce outdoor air pollution should include: • Ongoing efforts to meet the air quality targets set by WHO for particulates, ozone, and nitrogen and sulfur dioxides. These targets are continually revised to reflect the most current scientific thinking.

  11. Actions That Make a Difference • Setting fuel quality and vehicle emission standards at realistic levels and rigorously enforcing and tightening them over time. Requirements should include inspection systems to ensure that motor vehicles are in compliance. • Appropriate, affordable public transportation systems that allow people and goods to move efficiently and discourage the use of private cars, especially in congested areas.

  12. Actions That Make a Difference • Financial incentives, tax penalties, and infrastructure design that encourage conservation and favor both less polluting transportation and industrial development strategies. • Monitoring and publicizing outdoor air quality, including early warning systems that allow vulnerable individuals to minimize exposure by staying indoors, using masks, or moving to other locations, as necessary.

  13. Half of the world’s population cooks with solid fuels. Solid fuels include wood, dung, agricultural waste and other biomass fuels, as well as charcoal. Source: ARIAtlas.org, World Lung Foundation 2010

  14. Indoor Air Pollution Spikes during Mealtimes, Bangladesh Source: ARIAtlas.org, World Lung Foundation 2010

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