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Classification

Classification. What variety! What similarity!. Diversity of Life there are so many different creatures on Earth Unity of life all creatures have similarities common characteristics. Classification - Taxonomy . System to organize all living creatures

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Classification

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  1. Classification

  2. What variety! What similarity! • Diversity of Life • there are so many different creatures on Earth • Unity of life • all creatures have similarities • common characteristics

  3. Classification - Taxonomy • System to organize all living creatures • Biologists organize all living things into categories • The most closely related organisms are grouped together.

  4. Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) • Developed our modern system of classification. • Classified living things by similar characteristics.

  5. What are the categories used in classification? • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • species

  6. Classification System • Kingdoms are divided into phyla • Phyla are divided into classes • Classes are divided into orders • Orders are divided into families • Families are divided into genus • Genus is divided into species • Species CANNOT be divided!

  7. Organizing systems • Making sense out of the differences Eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis

  8. How can I remember this? • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species • King • Philip • Came • Over • For • Green • Soup • Ken • Poured • Coffee • On • Frank’s • Good • Shirt

  9. As you go from kingdom to species, the groups become more specific. • Let’s look at the common house cat for an example.

  10. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis sylvestric Common House Cat

  11. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapien Human Being

  12. How do we classify organisms today? • Structure • Evolutionary history • Development • DNA • Behavioral patterns

  13. Scientific Names • Developed by Linnaeus • Scientific names use theLatinlanguage. - Why do we use Latin for scientific names?

  14. Why not use common names? • Misleading • starfish • dragonfly • Confusing • blue jay, blue coat, corn thief • dog, perro, chien I swim,but I’m stilla bird!

  15. Why not use common names? • But they all have only one scientific name! Pisaster ochraceus Pyrrhosoma nymphula Cyanocitta cristata

  16. Binomial Nomenclature • 2 part scientific name • Genus — larger group to which organism belongs • always capitalized • species — specific name for that organism • always lowercase • Scientific names must be either underlined or italicized • Examples: • humans = Homo sapiens • household cat = Felisdomesticus

  17. Genus groupings • Species that are closely related are grouped into the same genus • Leopard Pantherapardus • African lion Pantheraleo • TigerPantheratigris

  18. Species Same species name ≠ same organism • American Black Bear = Ursusamericanus • American toad = Bufoamericanus

  19. Members of same species are able to produce fertile offspring, butmembers of different species can interbreed, but . . . + = Male Lion Female Tiger

  20. they produce sterile offspring! Liger Duh – it’s only, like, my favorite animal.

  21. AnyQuestions?

  22. Eukaryote Prokaryote Bacteria&Archaebacteria Classification • 6 Kingdom system • Prokaryotes • No separate organelles in their cells • Eubacteria • Archaebacteria • Eukaryotes • Separate organelles in their cells • Protists • Plants • Fungi • Animals

  23. KingdomBacteria KingdomArchaebacteria KingdomProtist KingdomFungi KingdomPlant KingdomAnimal Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

  24. Eubacteria • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Most are helpful • Produce vitamins or food like yogurt • Examples: • Streptococcus • Causes strep throat • E. Coli • Bacteria found in waste • When in large intestine, it helps digest food. However, when you eat it in food, it is harmful.

  25. Archaebacteria • Unicellular • Live in extreme environments; acid water, hot springs • Yellow patches are mats of microbial growth Yellowstone National Park

  26. Protista Red Algae • Uni- and multi-cellular • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic, autotrophic, or both • Includes euglena, red algae, slime molds, protozoa, amoeba, paramecium • Classified by how they obtain nutrition. Diatoms Euglena

  27. Fungi • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic or Decomposers • Includes mold, mildew, and mushrooms

  28. Plantae • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Autotrophic • Includes ferns, and flowering plants

  29. Animalia • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic • Includes mammals, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, worms, jellyfish, snails

  30. Animal Phylums • Invertebrates = without backbones • Porifera = sponges • Cnidaria = jellyfish, corals, sea anemones • Platyhelminthes = flatworms – planaria, tapeworm • Nematoda = roundworms – ascaris, hookworms • Annelida = segmented worms – earthworm, leech • Mollusca = slugs, snails, clams, squid, octopus • Arthropoda = insects, lobsters, crabs • Echinodermata = starfish, sand dollars

  31. Animal Phylums cont. • Vertebrates = with backbones 9. Chordata = fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

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