The New Testament World of Jesus

1. Textbook chapter 2 The New Testament World of Jesus

2. 1. Various NAMES for this Geographic Area • Palestine (Greeks) • Promised Land • The Holy Land • Land of Israel • Land of Judah A. Palestine

3. 2. The SIZE of Palestine • Mileage: • 145 miles north to south • 25-87 miles west to east • Comparisons: • About the same size as Massachusetts • Distance from north to south = Albany to NYC • Shortest distance from west to east = OLM to Brockport • Longest distance from west to east = OLM to Niagara Falls A. Palestine (continued)

4. 3. Getting from here to there • Mode of transportation = WALKING • Average pace is about 3 miles per hour • Can only walk during daylight hours • Need to stop for food and rest during the journey A. Palestine (continued)

5. 3. Getting from here to there (continued) • Calculate the travel time between the following locations: • Tyre to Nazareth - about 40 miles • 13 hours/1.5 days • similar to OLM to Geneva outlets…45 min. by car • Nazareth to Jerusalem - about 75 miles • 2.5 days of walking • Similar to OLM to Niagara Falls…1.5 hours by car A. Palestine (continued)

6. 4. Geography  See textbook worksheet for notes A. Palestine (continued)

7. 1. Which region was the center of Jesus’ earthly ministry? 2. What was the population of Jesus’ hometown? 3. Name the event that increased the hatred between Judean Jews & Samaritans. 4. Describe the terrain of Judea. 5. What major body of water is in the southern part of the region of Judea? Worksheet “Quiz” p.4

8. 1.In which of the 4 terrains of Palestine did Jesus’ ministry occur? 2. In which region is Jesus’ hometown of Nazareth? 3. Name one way the Samaritans’ religious tradition differed from mainline Jews. 4. What city is the political, economic, and religious center of Judaism? 5. What was Herod’s greatest building project? Worksheet “Quiz” p.2

9. 1. Name 3 bodies of water in Palestine. 2. Which city in Galilee was the “headquarters” for Jesus’ ministry? 3. Which region is in the north central part of Palestine? 4. What was the regular population of Jerusalem? 5. List 3 other significant cities in Judea. Worksheet “Quiz” p.5

10. 1. List 4 different terrains within Palestine. 2. Who was the ruler of Galilee during Jesus’ lifetime? 3. Name one way Samaritans’ religious tradition differed from mainline Jews. 4. Name the southern region of Palestine. 5. List 4 trades of Jews in Jerusalem. Worksheet “Quiz” p.9

11. 1. Aramaic • Look up the following passages from the Gospel of Mark that contain Aramaic words: • 7:34 5:41 15:22 15:34 • A key Aramaic word used in a unique way by Jesus was _______________ (Mark 14:36) • Best translated as “daddy” • Showed Jesus’ close relationship with God B. Language

12. 2. Hebrew • It is likely that Jesus knew some Hebrew • Learned at synagogue B. Language (continued)

13. 3. Greek • Common language used throughout the Roman Empire • Jesus likely had limited knowledge of Greek • The New Testament was written in Greek B. Language (continued)

14. 4. Techniques • Read the passages listed below and match them with the technique they demonstrate. • Matthew 18:8-9 • Matthew 13:31 • Matthew 5:44 B. Language (continued)

15. 1. Places of Worship C. Religion

16. The Temple

17. What remains of the Temple today

18. Using the information on textbook pages 61 and 62, choose and complete one of the tasks below: • A. Draw a sketch of what a synagogue would have looked like in 1st century Palestine • B. Make an outline of a typical Sabbath service at a synagogue C. Religion

19. 2. Jewish Feasts • A. PASSOVER • Most important Jewish feast • Celebrated liberation from Egypt • Celebrated in late March/April • Traditional Practices: • Slaughter of Paschal Lamb • Eating of Seder Meal C. Religion (continued)

20. 2. Jewish Feasts(continued) • B. PENTECOST • 50 days after Passover • Celebrated God giving the Law to Moses (Sinai Covenant) C. Religion (continued)

21. 2. Jewish Feasts(continued) • C. DAY OF ATONEMENT (Yom Kippur) • Solemn day of repentance for sins • Historically the high priest would enter the Holy of Holies (purification) • Observed in the Fall (Sept/early Oct) C. Religion (continued)

22. 2. Jewish Feasts(continued) • D. FEAST OF TABERNACLES/BOOTHS • Recalls time in the desert as nomads • Fall (Sept/Oct) harvest celebration • Travelers build huts to recall Jews’ time in the wilderness C. Religion (continued)

23. 2. Jewish Feasts(continued) • E. HANUKKAH • Feast of Dedication • Commemorates the Temple’s re-dedication after the Maccabean Revolt gained Jewish independence (164 BCE) • Celebrated in December C. Religion (continued)

24. 2. Jewish Feasts(continued) • Label the images with the appropriate Jewish Feast. C. Religion (continued)

25. 3. Important 1st Century Jewish Beliefs • A. Messiah • Belief that the messiah was coming SOON • 3 common expectations: • B. Covenant • God’s Chosen People • Believe in & observe the Torah (Law) C. Religion (continued)

26. 3. Important 1st Century Jewish Beliefs (continued) • C. Torah • Comes from word meaning “instruction” or “guidance” • Study and live out Torah • Heart of Jewish religion today • TANAK: Law (Torah), Prophets (Nebiim), Writings (Ketubim) • D. Judgment & Resurrection • Belief in afterlife common among Jews after 2nd century B.C.E. C. Religion (continued)

27. See textbook worksheet for notes D. Politics

28. 1. 4 Religious “Philosophies”/Sects • See handout for notes • 2. E. People

29. Sadducees Sanhedrin Think-Temple Conservative in religion—but liberal in politics

30. Pharisees Think-Synagogue Conservative in politics but liberal in religion interpretation

31. Essenes

32. Zealots