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V. S. JAGADEESHAIAH.MSc.Mphil .

V. S. JAGADEESHAIAH.MSc.Mphil . LECTURER IN CHEMISTRY GOVT.P.U.COLLEGE B.H.ROAD,ARSIKERE-573 103 jagadeeshaiahvs@gmail.com 9741-1234-68. Industrially important compounds. I.Manufacture of NaOH -Nelson’s proces. NaCl Na + + Cl - H 2 O H + + OH -

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V. S. JAGADEESHAIAH.MSc.Mphil .

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  1. V. S. JAGADEESHAIAH.MSc.Mphil. LECTURER IN CHEMISTRY GOVT.P.U.COLLEGE B.H.ROAD,ARSIKERE-573 103 jagadeeshaiahvs@gmail.com 9741-1234-68 JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  2. Industrially important compounds V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  3. I.Manufacture of NaOH-Nelson’s proces NaCl Na+ +Cl- H2O H+ + OH- • A solution of sodium chloride in water contains Na+,Cl-,H+ and OH- • During electrolysis, only H+ ion discharge at cathode .similarly only Cl- is oxidized at anode • The solution become richer in Na+ & OH- ions V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  4. Manufacture of ammonia-By Haber’s process • Haber’s process involves the direct combination of N2 & H2 N2+ 3H2 2NH3+Heat • According to Le Chatelier’s principle ,The following favorable conditions will give better yield of ammonia; i)Finely” catalystdivided “Fe ii)a promoter like Mo or K2O or Al2O3. iii)a moderate temperature of 773K (5000C) iv)A high pressure of 200atm V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  5. Steps involved • Step-I; Compression • Step-II: Conversion • Step-III: Cooling • Step-IV: Recycling V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  6. Manufacture of H2SO4 -by Contact process • SO2(g)+O2 (g) 2SO3(g)+188kj • According to Le Chatelier’s principle, the following favorable conditions are maintained; • i)Catalyst like V2O5 or Platinized asbestos or Fe2O3. • ii)T=723K or 5000C • iii)P=2 to 3 atm V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  7. Steps involved • Step-I: Production of SO2. S(s)+O2(g) SO2(g) • Step-II; Purification of Gases 1)Dust chamber 2)Cooler 3)Scrubber 4) Cottrell precipitator 5)Drier: 6)Arsenic purifier 7)Tyndall box Step-III; Oxidation of SO2 to SO3. SO2(g)+O2(g) 2SO3(g)+188kj Step-IV; Absorption V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  8. Manufacture of K2Cr2O7-From Chromiteore(FeOCr2O3or FeCr2O4) Step-I:Concentration of Chromite ore • Chromite ore is concentrated by Gravity separation method. • Step-II:Roastingof concentrated ore. • 4FeO.Cr2O3 + 8Na2CO3 + 7O2 8Na2CrO4 +2Fe2O3 +8CO2 V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  9. Step-III: Coversion of Na2CrO4 to Na2Cr2O7 • Step-IV: Coversion of Na2Cr2O7 to K2Cr2O7 Na2Cr2O7+KClK2Cr2O7 +2NaCl V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  10. 1. “CO” under pressure reacts with solid NaOH to form 1) Na2CO3 2)HCOONa 3) Sodium corbonyl 4) SodiumAcetalide Ans:CO +NaOHHCOONa (Sodium methanoate) V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  11. 2.During electrolysis of fused NaCl the anode reaction is 1)Oxidation of Na+ 2)Reduction of Na+ 3)Oxidation of Cl– 4)Reduction Cl– Ans:(3) Oxidation of Cl– V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  12. 3.An unusual species is formed when Sodium metal is dissolved in liquid ammonia 1) H22) NH4+ 3) e– (NH3) 4) NH2– Ans:3) e– (NH3) V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  13. 4.A solution of sodium metal in liquid ammonia is strongly reducing due to the presence of 1)sodium atom 2)sodium hydroxide 3)sodium amide 4)solvated electron Ans:4)solvated electron V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  14. 5.In Nelson’s process for manufacture of NaoH the cathode and Anode are separated by asbestos diaphragm 1)To prevent reaction between NaOH and Cl2 2)To increase the yield of products 3)To prevent mixing of NaCl and NaOH 4)To prevent reaction between products formed during electrolysis. Ans:4)To prevent reaction between products formed during electrolysis. V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  15. 6.Steam is passed through the tank in Nelson’s cells 1)To keep electrolyte warm 2)The keep pores of U-tube open 3)Both 4)None Ans: 3)Both V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  16. 7.Electrolysis of brine produce 1)H2 and Cl2 2)Cl2 and Na 3)Cl2 and NaOH4)Cl2, H2 and NaOH Ans:4)Cl2, H2 and NaOH V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  17. 8.In the manufacture of NH3 by Haber’s process , conditions for maximum yield is 1)Increasing and both temperature and pressure 2)Decreasing both temperature and pressure 3)Increasing temperature and decreasing pressure 4)Decreasing temperature and increasing the pressure Ans:4)Decreasing temperature and increasing the pressure V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  18. 9.Metallic hydroxide that can dissolve in excess of NaOH is 1) Al(OH)32)Ca(OH)2 3) Cu(OH)24)Mn(OH)2 Ans: 1) Al(OH)3 V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  19. 10.Ammonia is manufactured by 1)Solvay’s process 2)Nelson’s process 3)Haber’s process 4)Contact procerss Ans: 3)Haber’s process V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  20. 11.The drying agent for NH3 is 1) Na2CO32)Con.H2SO4 3) Quick lime (CaO) 4) Anhydrous Calcium chloride Ans:3)Quick lime (CaO) V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  21. 12.Effect of increase of temperature on equilibrium in N2 + 3H2 2NH3 + Heat 1)Equilibrium is shifted to the left 2)Equilibrium shifted to the right 3)Equilibrium is unaltered 4)Reaction rate does not change Ans:1)Equilibrium is shifted to the left V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  22. 13. A white crystalline solid was heated with conc. H2SO4.Colourless gaseous product was collected in a jar. The upper portion burned with a pale blue flame and the lower portion turns lime water milky .The crystalline solid is 1)Na2CO32)HCOONa 3)H2C2O4 .2H2O 4)C12H22O11 Ans: 3)H2C2O4 .2H2O V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  23. 14.Oleum is 1)60% H2SO4. 2)Fuming sulphuric acid 3)Oil of vitriol4)dil.H2SO4. Ans:2) Fuming sulphuric acid(H2S2O7) V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  24. 15.2SO2 + O2 2SO3 + 185.2 kJAccording to Le Chatelier’s principle, best yields of SO3 are obtained using 1)High pressure and high temperature 2)High pressure and low temperature 3)Low pressure and high temperature 4)Low pressure and low temperature Ans: 2)High pressure and low temperature V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  25. 16. Reaction of conc. H2SO4 with sugar is called 1) Hydrolysis2)Hydration 3) Dehydration 4)Decolourisation Ans: 3)Dehydration V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  26. 17. What is the structure (geometry) of orange red product formed on reaction of K2Cr2O7+ conc H2SO4 + Rock salt 1)Trigonal planar 2)Square planar 3)Tetrahedral 4)Octahedral Ans:3)Tetrahedral Note: Chromyl chloride test is not answered by water insoluble salts like HgCl2,SnCl2,PbCl2.. V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  27. 18.In Contact process of manufacture of sulphuric acid, Impurity oxides of Arsenic is removed by 1)Al(OH)32)Cr(OH)3 3)Fe (OH)34)Fe2O3 Ans:3)Fe(OH)3 V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  28. 19.In the manufacture of sulphuric acid by Contact process ,Tyndall box is used to 1)Remove impurities 2)Filter dust particles 3)Test the presence of dust particles 4)Convert SO2 TO SO3. Ans:3)Test the presence of dust particles V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  29. 20. When excess of PCl5 reacts with conc. H2SO4 it gives 1)Chlorosulphonic acid 2)Thionyl chloride 3)Sulphuryl chloride 4)Sulphurous acid Ans: 3)Sulphuryl chloride (SO2Cl2) VV.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  30. 21. In the reaction 2Ag +H2SO4 Ag2SO4 + SO2 +2H2O, sulphuric acid act as 1)An oxidising agent 2)A reducing agent 3)A catalyst 4)A dehydrating agent Ans:1)An oxidising agent V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  31. 22. When H2O2 is treated with cold acidified K2Cr2O7 solutions containing ether. A Blue colour is obtained.This is due to 1)Chromium sulphate2) K2CrO4 3)Perchromic acid 4) Chromium pentoxide Ans: 3)Perchromic acid (CrO5) has blue colour in etherial solution V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  32. 23. A solutions of an inorganic salt has a lemon yellow colour. It changes to orange in acid medium and it turns yellow when it is made alkaline 1) FeCl32)Cu(NO3)2 3) K3F3(CN)6 4)K2CrO4 Ans: 4)K2CrO4 V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  33. 24. The equilibrium H2O + Cr2O72– 2H+ + 2CrO42- 1)Exists in acidic medium 2)Exists in basic medium 3)Exists in neural medium 4)Does not exist Ans:1)Exists in basic medium (pH=10.3) V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  34. 25.The colour and composition of Chromyl chloride are 1)Orange red, CrO2Cl2 2)green, CrCl3 3)Orange red , CrO3 4)Dark red, CrOCl3 Ans: 1)Orange red, CrO2Cl2 V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  35. 26.In the oxidation of hydrogen sulphide using acidified K2Cr2O7,The oxidation state of sulphur changes by 1)2 units 2)3 units 3)1 unit 4)6 units H2S S -2 0 Ans: 2units V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  36. 27.Victor Meyer’s method can be used to determine the molecular mass of 1)Acetone 2)Ethyl alcohol 3)Ether 4)All of these Ans : 4)All of these V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  37. 28.A salt on heating with water liberates colourless gas which turned lime water milky. The gas is 1)Hydrogen chloride 2)Hydrogen iodide 3)Carbon dioxide 4)Sulphur dioxide Ans: 3)Carbon dioxide V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  38. 29.Nessler’s reagent is 1)An alkaline solution of HgCl2 and KI 2)A solution of ammonium hydroxide 3)A solution of KI & sodium thiosulphate 4)A solution of Iodine Ans: 1)An alkaline solution of HgCl2 & KI HgCl2 + 4KI K2[HgI4] +2KCl V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  39. 30.Chromyl chloride test is used for confirming the presence of 1)Bromide ions 2)Chloride ions 3)Iodide ions 4)Chromium ions Ans:2)Chloride ions V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  40. 31.The test for unsaturation in organic compounds is decolourisation of 1)Bromine water 2)Methyl orange 3)Blue litmus solution 4)Phenolphthlein Ans: 1)Bromine water V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  41. 32.Which of the following reagent is used to distinguish ethene from ethyne? 1)Bromine water 2)Alkaline KMnO4 3)Bromine in CCl4 4)Ammonical cuprous chloride(Cu2Cl2) Ans: 4)Ammonical cuprous chloride (Cu2Cl2) V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  42. 33.The brown ring test for NO2-1 & NO3-1 is due to the formation of complex ion with the formula 1)[Fe(H2O)5NO]2+ 2)[Fe(H2O)6]2+. 3)[Fe(H2O)(NO)5]2+ 4)[Fe(NO)(CN)5]2+ Ans:1)[Fe(H2O)5NO]2+ V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  43. 34.The indicator used in the titration of sodium carbonate against hydrochloric acid is 1)Litmus paper 2)Phenolphthalein 3)Methyl orange 4)Any of these Ans: 3)Methyl orange V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  44. 35.Starch solution is used as an indicator in the titration of 1)KMnO4 v/s Oxalic acid 2)K2Cr2O7 v/s ferrous sulphate 3)H2SO4 v/s NaOH 4)Iodine against sodium thiosulphate Ans: 4)Iodine against sodium thiosulphate V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  45. 36.In the titration between oxalic acid and acidified potassium permanganate ,the manganous salt formed catalyses the reaction .The manganous salt is 1)A promoter 2)A positive catalyst 3)An auto catalyst 4)None of these Ans: 3)An auto catalyst V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  46. 37.Since the ionosation potential of the alkali metals is low,they are identified by flame test.The flame colour imparted by sodium is 1)Yellow 2)Red 3)Violet 4)Orange Ans: Yellow V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  47. 38.Phenol is heated with phthalic anhydride in the presence of conc.H2SO4.The product gives pink colour with alkali. The product is 1)Salicylic acid 2)Fluorescein 3)Phenolphthalein 4)Bakelite Ans: 3)Phenolphthalein V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  48. 39.In the precipitation of third group basic radicals in qualitative analysis,NH4Cl(s) is added before adding NH4OH to 1)Keep pH constant 2)Decrease the concentration of OH- ions 3)Increase in the concentration of Cl- ions 4)Increase the concentration of NH4+ ions Ans: 2)Decrease the concentration of OH- ions V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  49. 40.Which of the following doesnot reduce Benedict’s solution? 1)Glucose 2)Fructose 3)Sucrose 4)Aldehyde Ans: 3)Sucrose (Test for reducing sugars) V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

  50. 41.Which of the following organic compounds answers both Iodoform test and Fehling’s test? 1)Ethanol 2)Propanone 3)Ethanal4)Methanal Ans: 3)Ethanal V.S.JAGADEESHAIAH, G.P.U.COLLEGE, ARSIKERE, 9741-123468

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