Europe

1. Europe  Christine Yang Lakshmi Singh, Mahmudur Rahman, Morgan Hu, Ndeye Gningue

3. Europe This region is home to six of the top 20 annual global CO2 emitters, including Russia, which ranks third globally.Though Russia is not part of the EU EU (European Union) = 27/52 European countries

5. Impact of global warming in Europe • Europe experienced a 0.95°C average increase. Escalating temperatures and unpredictable weather conditions are causing concern about the future in Europe

6. Impact of global warming in Europe • heat waves • 2003 - $15 million in agriculture destroyed • climate change = health risks • more micro-bacteria affecting water quality • worse air pollution • longer pollen season • increasing risk of skin cancer • 2080 - 1/2 plant species endangered

7. Impact of global warming in Europe warmer winters • water run-off is expected to lead to forest growth and an increase in agricultural productivity • BUT= more flooding,coastal erosion and melting of glaciers and permafrost • elevation of nearly 3 feet by 2100 • 2080 = disappearance of European winters • 2080 = 2.5 million people's homes lost 

8. Impact of global warming in Europe

10. United Nations Environment Program UNEP mandated by the General Assembly on December 1972 • uniform policy for environment programs • create and implement them • review the world environmental situation • exchange environmental knowledge 

11. EU's Green Technology Roadmap • Introduce green technology to developing nations • Promote the establishment of strict environmental policies/regulations • Providing assistance to Member States in strengthening their national green laws and institutions; • Enhancing cooperation among States to address environmental issues of common concerns collectively.

12. EU's Green Technology Roadmap Goals for 2020 • reduce the emission levels by 20% of the levels in 1990 • get 20% of energy would from renewable sources • increase energy efficiency by 20% The EU is determined to spend up to $375 BILLION a year to cut greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80 percent by 2050 compared to 1990 levels.

13. Kyoto Protocol • Sets targets for European community to reduce greenhouse gas emissions • Global emission reduction regime that will stabilize GHG emissions • Allows future international agreement on climate change.  

14. Kyoto Protocol to Carbon Trading • targets = levels of allowed emissions, or “assigned amounts" • Article 17 of the Protocal allows emission trading  • trading of emissions became known as Carbon market

15. Carbon Trading What it is: • Countries are given an "allowance" of carbon  • Can sell their remaining carbon allowance to other countries in need of more carbon emissions.   • Gradually over time, carbon allowances for all nations will decrease  • Goal is to ultimately become more carbon efficient. 

17. Carbon Trading Why it's not working • Trade component actually DOES NOT reduce any carbon emission. • allowances were given for free to polluters, in an amount EXCEEDING their emissions • companies GAIN billions of dollars for nothing • The carbon capping does not cap anything • Carbon offsets loosen the cap 

18. Carbon Trading

19. Successes Feed-in tariffs - provides a guaranteed price for electricity from renewable sources • led to a massive increase in the amount of renewable energy projects • Ex: Norway gets over 99 percent of its electricity from renewable sources, often producing more than it requires and exporting the energy to other countries. •  More than 16 nations in Europe produced 15 percent or more of their electricity from renewable sources

20. Europe the Leader

21. Bibliography • "Carbon Trading." Transnational Institute. Drupal, September 2009. Web. 27 May 2011. http://www.tni.org/primer/carbon-trading . • Climate Action. "Climate Action - EU action against climate change - European Commission." EUROPA - European Commission - Homepage. N.p., 15 Apr. 2011. Web. 19 May 2011. http://ec.europa.eu/climateaction/eu_action/index_en.htm. • Climate Hot Map." Union of Concerned Scientists. Union of Concerned Scientists, 2011. Web. 20 May 2011. <http://www.climatehotmap.org/global-warming-solutions/europe.html>. • Cogan, Douglas G.. "Corporate Governance and Climate Change." The Banking Sector. Ceres, n.d. Web. 23 May 2011. <www.un.org/ga/president/62/ThematicDebates/gpicc/cgccbs.pdf>. 

22. Bibliography continued • European commission new green technology roadmap." Green Pepper. N.p., March 10, 2011. Web. 20 May 2011. <http://www.green-pepper.org.uk/european-commission-new-green-technology-roadmap/>. • European Union. What's causing climate change?. European Union, October 18,2010. Web. 20 May 2011. <http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/brief/causes/index_en.htm>.  • Harnessing the potential of green energy transfer." Environmental Technologies Action Plan April 2009: 1-4. Web. 27 May 2011. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/etap/published_files/04052009_newsletter_issue15.pdf .  • "Patents." Energy Island. Energy Island Ltd., n.d. Web. 20 May 2011. <http://www.energyisland.com/technologies/patents/patents.html>.

23. Bibliography continued • Sherer, Kyle. "Energy Island: unlocking the potential of the ocean as a renewable power source." gizmagJanuary 28,2008: 1. Web. 20 May 2011. <http://www.gizmag.com/energy-island-otec/8714/>. • Vertis Environmental Finance. "Vertis Environmental Finance - Taking a closer look at the net carbon balance." Vertis Environmental Finance - Welcome to Vertis Environmental Finance. Vertis, n.d. Web. 23 May 2011. http://www.vertisfinance.com/index.php?page=news&newsid=134&l=1. • UNFCCC. "Kyoto Protocol ." United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change . N.p., n.d. Web. 20 May 2011. <http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php