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Issues in Forestry Carbon Trading

Issues in Forestry Carbon Crediting IEA Bioenergy Task 38 Workshop Canberra, Australia March 28-30, 2001 Doug Bradley Domtar Inc. Issues in Forestry Carbon Trading. New Zealand workshop What is in/not in Kyoto Who is buying what credits Trading Issues Amortization Example projects

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Issues in Forestry Carbon Trading

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  1. Issues in Forestry Carbon Crediting IEA Bioenergy Task 38 WorkshopCanberra, AustraliaMarch 28-30, 2001Doug BradleyDomtar Inc. 1

  2. Issues in Forestry Carbon Trading • New Zealand workshop • What is in/not in Kyoto • Who is buying what credits • Trading Issues • Amortization • Example projects • Harvested Wood products • What need to move forward 2

  3. To Tai Toko Workshop- Feb 16-18 3

  4. To Tai Toko Workshop 4

  5. A sunny day in indigenous forest 5

  6. Dinner at “Lodge Ford-Robertson” 6

  7. Accommodation in “Garage Villa” 7

  8. Delegates watch river rise 8

  9. Raging To Tai Toko River 9

  10. A minor “slip” 10

  11. Escape to Freedom 11

  12. Kyoto-InvsNot yet in IN KYOTONOT YET IN KYOTO _________Fossil Fuel Reduction_ ____Carbon Sequestration_____________ Energy EfficiencyFuel SwitchingAfforest., ReforestOther Forestry, Agricultural (Biomass for fossil fuel) DeforestationActivities Reduce fossil fuel Reduces fossil fuel Sequesters carbon Sequesters carbon (defn. - Article 3.3) (negotiated- Article 3.4) Examples: -Fuel efficient motors -Wood waste cogen -Planting on poor agric. land Forestry: -Waste heat capture -Black liquor -Reducing deforestation -Pest and disease control -Prod’n enhancemt integrated gasific. -Fire control -Improved Maint. and combined cycle cogen -Commercial thinning -Juvenile Spacing -Tree Improvment - Reduc. impact logging Agricultural: -Reduced tillage -Manure management -Shelterbelts 12

  13. Ontario Power Gen BC Hydro Seattle City Light TransAlta Gemco All sinks- if thru PERT No sequestration, no business as usual Sequestration- Kyoto only Sequestration- Kyoto- no conservation or forest mgt (1.Can 2.Aus, 3.NZ 4.US…) Sinks including agriculture Who is buying what? 13

  14. Trading Issues Lack of clear guidelines is holding up action • In Kyoto vs not • “Business as Usual” • Discounting • Harvested wood products • First commitment period 14

  15. Implications of Commitment Period 15

  16. 120 Carbon in trees 100 80 Cumulative carbon stock changes (tons C/ha) 60 40 Cumulative credits 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Time (years) Possible Accounting MethodUse of Amortization Hypothetical Managed Forest Stand 16

  17. Carbon Impacts of Sequestration Activities Initial Long Term Forestry: Afforestation sequestr. sequestr Pest spray sequestr. sequestr. Tree Improvement sequestr. sequestr. Juvenile spacing emissionsequestr. Commercial thinning emissionsequestr. Fertilization emission sequestr. Other: Landfill Incinerationemission sequestr. 17

  18. Pre-commercial Thinning(Juvenile Spacing)Unthinned Thinned 18

  19. Yield Curve Natural vs Spaced 19

  20. Impact of forest management 20

  21. Natural Jack Pine Forest (Baseline)Forest and Products Carbon PoolsGorcam model 21

  22. Juvenile Spaced Stand Forest and Products Carbon PoolsGorcam Model 22

  23. Net EmissionsControl vs Spaced Gorcam Model 23

  24. Stand SequestrationAnnual CreditingGorcam Model 24

  25. Actual vs Amortized Sequestration Cumulative (tonnes CO2e/ha) Kyoto Period 25

  26. New Concept- Phases of Acceptance Concept- “Give credit for long term benefit even if short term emission” • Utterly ridiculous! • Violently opposed! • Accepted and felt to be always self-evident 26

  27. Jack Pine Bud Worm Spray Program • Epidemics cycle 5-7 years • Result in tree mortality, growth loss • Assumptions • 17% outright mortality- years 2-4 • 10% less growth p.a. – years 2-6 • 10% mortality due to top kill- year 7 27

  28. Bud Worm Spray Program Stand Level Biomass Gorcam Model 28

  29. Biomass with JPBW Attack 29

  30. Biomass with JPBW Suppression 30

  31. Bud Worm Spray Program Gorcam ModelStand Level 31

  32. Bud Worm Spray ProgramGorcam Model 32

  33. Pest Control Carbon Balance Kyoto Period 33

  34. Combined Spray-Spacing in Carbon “Pool” 34

  35. Domtar Wood Products Parameters • Harvest (Domtar operations) • Biofuel 26%, short-lived 19%, long-lived 30%, landfill <1%, on-site waste 25% • Wood Products • Short-lived • Avg lifetime 5 years • Biofuel 25%, compost 15%, landfill 10%, recycled 50% • Long-lived • Avg lifetime 30 years • Biofuels 25%, landfill 10%, recycled 65% • Landfill • Average lifetime- 42 years 35

  36. Wood Products Carbon5 yr decay 36

  37. Wood Products Carbon10 yr decay 37

  38. Wood Products- Ken Skog- USDA Forestry- decay estimates 38

  39. European Forest InstituteCarbon Balance Implications of ….Wood Products 39

  40. Life Cycle- NZ Plantation Forest 40

  41. Existing Forest Intensively Managed 41

  42. Carbon Credit Market 42

  43. Current Pricing 43

  44. What do we want to happen? • Increase use of biomass • biofuel, biochemicals…. • Increase amount of biomass • Eg. through intensive forest management • Increase demand for wood How can this happen? 44

  45. Incentives to promote forest carbon sequestration • Forest management in Kyoto • Standard accounting system • Acceptance of forest measurement methods (periodic sample plots) • Amortization methodologies • Include all carbon pools • Recognition of 1991-2007 activities 45

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