Agro-forestry with Forest Carbon Offset

1. Agro-forestry with Forest Carbon Offset Institute of high value forest

2. 1. background

3. why deforestation or forest degradation • Deforestation for additional food • Excessive exploitation of wood fuel • Excessive exploitation of forest resource • Harvest of leaf mould • Forest fire • Damage by outbreak of insect

4. Influence of deforestation • Serious erosion of soil • Declining water holding capacity • Catastrophic effect of flooding • Decrease of agriculture productivity in downward

5. National policy of government Rehabilitation of deforested mountains with high value trees • Mandate of forest researchers and land managers Rural people’s needs(food, fuel) Sustainable forest management

6. How to harmony • Addition food + forest rehabilitation ➡Agro-forestry with high value species • Wood fuel + forest rehabilitation ➡Short rotation cultivation with high productivity species

7. Agro-forestry is the intentional inclusion of woody perennials within farming system

8. Agro-forestry as sustain forest management

9. Achievement and constraint in AF study Achievements AF species,duration,patterns,economic efficiency,interaction between tree and crop,productivity of fruit and soil protect Itenablepolicy makers and rural farmers acceptable Constraints No indicators, criteria and verification for forest carbon sequestration in AF to be incentive rural farmers and contribute climate change It unablerural farmers to overcome economic difficulty in establishment of AF system

10. Project object To establish sustainable forest management (AF with forest carbon offset) for rural people to accept and contribute to mitigation of climate change

11. Outcomes and outputs

12. 1. Outcome-Capacity building • Output 1 20 of experts trained in abroad • Output 2 Training materials for rural people • Output 3 Forest managers, officers, rural people trained through interior training

13. 2. Outcome-estabilishing AF with forest carbon offset building • Output 1 criteria and list of forest carbon offset(FCO) • Output 2 short rotation woody bio-fuel cultivation system • Output 3 integrated pest management

14. 3. Outcome- demonstrating sites • Output 1 establishment of demonstrating site AF with forest carbon offset • Output 2 establishment of demonstrating site for short rotation woody bio-fuel cultivation system • Output 3 establishment of demonstrating site for integrated pest management

15. National partners • Soil Science Institue, Botany Institute, Agricultural University Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Land And Environment Protect, Forest Boards in National, Provincial, County, Individual Level, Several plantations of AFS.

16. Executive Institute • Academy of forest science (AFS) During the last few decades, Academy of Forest Science (AFS) have invested many efforts in developing agro-forestry (AF), as sustainable forest management, in resulting many successes including selection of high value AF species, identification of best crop-tree models, protecting soil erosion, increasing biodiversity and etc. Academy of Forest Science is developing “Forest Carbon Offset” program in AF in order to overcome rural people’s economic difficult and contribute to climate change. To make the program more reliable and transparent, AFS must identify criteria and lists of forest carbon sequestration according to species, density, regions and ages for registration, verification, and validation in “Forest Carbon Offset” program, and establish theoretical and practical base. AFS is also studying about short-rotation woody bio-fuels and integrated pest management to protect damage of forest.

17. Selecting course of typical Agro-Forestry Species • Participatory tree species selection Identify of AF species in field, listing,grading,48 AF species,development AF cultivation pattern • Selection of typical AF species through statistical analysis Statistical analysis,testing,demonstrating in field

18. Achievement of AF study • Selection of AF species • Identification of AF cultivation patterns • Interaction between tree and crop • Diversification of crops • Conservation cultivation • Effect of soil protect

19. Selected Typical AFSpecies • Aronia melanocarpa Duration15~20 years - high capacity for soil protection and high fruit value • Castanea crenata Duration7~10 years - high capacity for soil protection and high fruit value • pinus koraiensis Duration10~15 years - high capacity for soil protection and high fruit value • Larix kaempferi Duration3~5 years - high capacity for soil protection and high timber value

20. Massive propagation technique of typical AF species • Propagation by bud grafting of chestnut • Propagation by seed of Aronia AF patterns acceptable by rural farmers • Long, short term according to AF period • tree+crop,tree+medical plant,tree+fodder • line,strip,group

21. Bio-ecological Characters of Aronia • Shrub with 2~3m height • Fruit production from 3rd year • No separation of characters in seed reproduction, easy cutting and cultivation • Not so high demand for soil quality • High resistance to cold weather and to pest

22. Aronia Fruit – Raw Material for Health Promoting Foods • Ingredients of Aronia fruit(per 100g of crude fruit) Anthocyan 5900mg Catechin 870mg Flavonol 360mg Vitamin C 55mg β Carotene 2.0mg Polyene acid0.1mg Vitamin E 1.5mg Vitamin P 2600mg • Effects of tonic, fatigue relief and senility prevention Functional improvement in brain, heart and genital organs, acceleration of erythrocyte formation • Crude fruit, injection, extract, tea, jelly, brandy, soft drinks

23. Scope of Distribution and Cultivation for Aronia • Altitude:lower than 800m above sea level • Low demand for soil, water and temperature, cultivated in all eco-zones with annual rainfall of 500mm, and 1 550℃ of accumulated growth temperature • Cultivation trial of 30ha-scale underway at experimental station for economic forest in Yontan County of North Hwanghae Province, introduced in 7 project counties in North Hwanghae Province

24. Cultivation types for Aronia • line/strip type • space between trees1m, • the space can be regulated between4 and10m according to inclination. Aronia AF model

25. Advantage of Aronia AF • Low-level competition against crop for light and nutrition • High fruit value(5~7kg/plant at 8th year) • 15~20 years of AF duration • Low cultivation cost • Rapid effect in prevention of land loss at sloping lands

26. Recommendations from Research • Aronia AF can serve as a way-out for long-term food security bare sloping lands at densely-populated areas. • Aronia AF enables mixed AF for its high rooting rate, high planting density and rapid land protection effect. (pinut＋aronia＋soybean). • Aronia AF is an efficient AF type with rapid and high fruit value and larger crop cultivation duration. • Aronia AF should be coincided with knowledge transfer for cultivation to local population.

27. Bio-ecological Characters of Chestnut • Broad- and falling-leaved arbor growing higher than 5m • Fruit production between 4th and 10th year with safe fruit production until 20th year. • Large scale reproduction through grafting • Chestut, as an indegenuos species, has dry-tolerance and well growth even on barren land

28. Utility of Chestnut • Delicious nutritional food • Timber used for stock, ship-building, tie plate for bridge and wheel for hardness and resistance to moisture and decomposition • Usage in forestation of bare mountains for high vitality in draught and poor fertility

29. Scope of Distribution and Cultivation of Chestnut • As a native species, chestnut has low demands for soil fertility and climatic conditions, which enables the plant to grow in every eco-zone except those higher than 800m above sea level. • Chestnut AF is under cultivation trials at Unjon County of North Pyongan Province and Wonsan City of Kangwon Province and has been introduced into project sites in North Hwanghae Province.

30. Advantage of Chestnut AF • High fruit value(2t/ha at 8th year) • 7~10 years of AF duration • Low cultivation cost • Rapid effect for land loss prevention at sloping lands • Traditional cultivation techniques mastered by local population

31. Recommendations from research • Chestnut AF can serve as a way-out to short-term food security in bare sloping lands with high population density and to long-term income increase. • Chestnut AF can improve livelihood of local people without huge investment since chestnut is a species easily cultivated at mountainous areas. • Chestnut AF is an easily applicable AF type for chestnut has been cultivated traditionally. • Chestnut AF is promoted by national policy of expanding chestnut forest.

32. Bio-ecological Characters of Pine-nut • Needle-leaf tree with 2~3m height at 10th year and 30m height at 100th year • Fruit production after 15~20 years • Large-scale reproduction by seed and grafting • Demand for sandy-loamy soil with good drainage and air flow • Characteristics of growing in population • Pine-nut AF is under cultivation trials in Rinsan County of North Hwanghae Province, Kanggye City and Hwapyong County of Chagang Province, and has been introduced into project sites in North Hwanghae Province.

33. Bio-ecological Characters of Japanese Larch • Needle-leaf tree with height of 40m • Used as timber after 15 years • large-scale reproduction by seed and branch cutting • Low demand for soil fertility

34. Scope of Distribution and Cultivation for Japanese Larch • Japanese larch grows in every eco-zone of DPRK up to 40°30′ of north latitude. • It grows in eco-zones with altitude lower than 800~1000mabove sea level. • Japanese Larch AF is under cultivation trials at Wonsan City of Kangwon Province and Suan County of Hwanghae Province and has been introduced into project sites in North Hwanghae Province.

35. Recommendations from research • Japanese larch AF can serve as a way-out to afforest bare sloping land with contribution to long-term food security. • Japanese larch AF can serve as a way-out for short-term food security at felled forest or reforested areas. • Japanese larch AF enables AF at areas with high soil erosion for the plant has rapid land protection effect with its high rooting rate and high planting density. • In Japanese larch AF, when the canopy disables AF, multi canopy forest of trees at different ages should be established with trees planted in the space.

36. Thank for your attention