Advancements in Radiation, Mineral Dust, and Chemistry Models

1. NMMB DEVELOPMENTS: RADIATION, MINERAL DUST AND CHEMISTRY Carlos Pérez García-Pando Barcelona Supercomputing Center Visiting Scientist at NOAA/NCEP/EMC carlos.perez@bsc.es NCEP/EMC Seminar, 26 May 2009 Especial thanks to: Zavisa Janjic, Ratko Vasic (NCEP) and Oriol Jorba (BSC) Acknowledgements NCEP: Stephen Lord, Bill Lapenta, Geoff DiMego, Jeff Mcqueen, Sarah Lu, Tom Black, Yu-Tai Hou, Brad Ferrier, Doris Pan, Fanling Yang, Jun Wang, Hui-Ya Chuang, George Gayno, Shrinivas Moorthi BSC: Karsten Haustein, Judit Giménez, Jose María Baldasano, Jesus Labarta

2. Especial thanks to: Zavisa Janjic, Ratko Vasic (NCEP) and Oriol Jorba (BSC) Acknowledgements NCEP: Stephen Lord, Bill Lapenta, Geoff DiMego, Jeff Mcqueen, Sarah Lu, Tom Black, Yu-Tai Hou, Brad Ferrier, Doris Pan, Fanling Yang, Jun Wang, Hui-Ya Chuang, George Gayno, Shrinivas Moorthi BSC: Karsten Haustein, Judit Giménez, Jose María Baldasano, Jesus Labarta INDEX Summary of NCEP-BSC current collaboration activities and achievements • Coupling RRTM radiation into NMMb • Development of a mineral dust model coupled on-line to NMMb • Implementation on-line of a chemistry transport model • Diagnosing the behavior of NMMb at BSC and NCEP computers with BSC tools

3. Coupling RRTM radiation into NMMb MAIN OBJECTIVES/TASKS: • Create a new radiation module in NMMB coupling the grrad (GFS radiation driver) that calls RRTM • Particular attention to clouds incorporating the radiative effects of BMJ convective clouds • Evaluate and analyze the new radiation in NMMB- global with different assumptions for clouds comparing with NMMB/GFDL and GFS model in terms of anomaly correlations, rms and biases. • Provide recommendations for future work

4. GFDL AND RRTM

5. CLOUDS in NAM-GFDL Stratiform (Ferrier) - Convective (BMJ) • Stratiform cloud fraction • Cloud fraction in each model layer f (RH,T,WATER,ICE,SNOW) after Ferrier ’04 • Convective cloud fraction • Convective cloud fraction is f (convective precipitation amount) after Slingo (1987). • If no convective precipitation and shallow convection a convective cloud fraction of 0.1 is assigned. • Convective precipitation rates exceeding 85 mm/day: convective cloud fraction is 1. • Cloud Geometry • Vertically contiguous stratiform clouds have maximum overlap to represent thicker stratiform cloud • Random overlap is used for nonadjacent cloud layers • Convective tower is considered one cloud between the convective cloud base and top with a constant cloud fraction and optical depth • Cloud fraction for each layer is the larger of the convective and grid-scale fractions • Cloud optical properties • Cloud optical depth: 0.8 per 100-hPa for each 0.1 g/kg of cloud water (1.6 in latest NAM dec’08) • 0.5 per 100-hPa for each 0.1 g/kg of cloud ice (1 in latest NAM dec’08) • Convective cloud: characteristic water/ice mixing ratio (0.1g/kg) • temperature threshold for water or ice (-10°C)

6. CLOUDS IN GFS-GRRAD/RRTM Stratiform (Zhao-Carr-Sundqvist) - Convective (SAS) GRRAD also includes Ferrier option • Cloud fraction • F (cloud liquid water mixing ratio modified by RH in each layer) after Xu and Randall (1996) • Further modifications are done for clouds in areas below 600 hPa and at temperatures above 5°C, at and below a temperature inversion • For marine stratus: Higher cloud fractions hold at low RH for a given amount of cloud water than in the other cases. Lower cloud fractions hold at high RH for a given amount of cloud water than in the other cases • Cloud Geometry • All cloud water is treated the same, whether generated by convective processes or grid-scale motions. • Random overlap is used for all cloud layers. (maximum overlap is also available) • Convective cloud top detrained water condensate is used as a source of prognostic cloud condensate. • Cloud optical properties • Hu and Stamnes(1993) and Fu(1996) forSW • Hu and Stamnes(1993) and Ebert and Curry (1997) for LW. • Cloud water effective radius are determined based on • 1)The phase of the particle (water or ice) • 2)The temperature of the layer • 3) For water, whether the cloud is over land or ocean • Optical thickness, SSA and G depend on the phase of the cloud water, the cloud water temperature, • and the effective cloud particle size.

7. NMMB new radiation module module_PHYSICS_GRID_COMP if gfdl if rrtm call RADIATION call RADIATION_RRTM module_RADIATION subroutine RADIATION call radiation_driver (WRF driver) subroutine radiation_driver call ETARA (GFDL radiation) subroutine ETARA prepare clouds, gases, albedo and other input arrays call LWR88 call SWR93 module_RADIATION_RRTM subroutine RADIATION_RRTM select options for grrad preparations: clouds, albedo and other necessary input arrays call grrad (GFS radiation driver) module_radiation_driver (grrad.f) subroutine GRRAD call getozn (ozone) call getgases (gases) call setaer (aerosol) call progcld1 (Zhao clouds) progcld2 (Ferrier clouds) diagcld1 (diagnostic) call setalb (albedo) call swrad (rrtm sw) call lwrad(rrtm lw)

8. MAIN OPTIONS FOR GRRAD* (I) *Options selected in Subroutine radiation_rrtm Working with NMMB Not working with NMMB New options for NMMB Works but is currently inconsistent with albedo in landsurface model

9. MAIN OPTIONS FOR GRRAD* (II) Aerosol and clouds Working with NMMB When prognostic aerosol Avaialble Not working with NMMB

10. EXPERIMENTS (I) cntl7 fixed solar constant value prescribed global mean co2 albedo montly cclimatology as in gfdl surface emissivity fixed value of 1.0 climatological ozone profile cloud fractions (grrad) Xu and Randal (1996) ferrier opt prop (grrad) SW : iflagliq= 1 hu and stamnes(1993) iflagice=3 fu (1996) LW : Iflagliq= 3 hu and stamnes(1993) iflagice= 1 ebert and curry(1997) bmj opt. prop. (nam) Qconv=0.1 g/kg Abs= 0.8 water / 0.5 ice aerosol opac clim SW and LW gfdl HOW TO COUPLE NMMB CLOUDS TO RRTM? • GRRAD offers more sophisticated method to calculate optical properties for Ferrier stratiform clouds than NAM • GFS uses SAS for convective cloud (from where cloud top detrained water condensate is used as a source of prognostic cloud condensate) • NAM uses BMJ where no cloud water is calculated Experiments performed on vapor 11 cycles (00 and 12UTC) from 2009041100 to 2009041600

11. GFDL minus CNTL7 at 12 UTC LW down at ground SW down at ground LW TOA

12. Anomaly correlation 500 and 250hPa 11 cycles (00 and 12UTC) from 2009041100 to 2009041600 500 250

13. Mean bias 11 cycles (00 and 12UTC) from 2009041100 to 2009041600

14. cntl13 cloud fractions Max of Xu and Randal and convective fraction of NAM ferrier opt. prop. (grrad) iflagliq=1 for SW Iflagice=3 for SW Iflagliq=3 for LW Iflagice=1 for SW bmj opt. prop. (nam) Qconv=0.1 g/kg Abs= 0.8 water / 0.5 ice ssa=0.99 g=0.84 aerosol gocart clim SW and LW cntl14 cloud fractions Max of Xu-Randal and convective fraction of NAM ferrier opt. prop. (grrad) iflagliq=1 for SW Iflagice=3 for SW Iflagliq=3 for LW Iflagice=1 for SW bmj opt. prop. (nam) Qconv=0.1 g/kg water and ice are added to the prognostic array aerosol gocart clim SW and LW cntl15 cloud fractions Max of Xu and Randal and convective fraction of NAM ferrier opt. prop. (grrad) iflagliq=1 for SW Iflagice=3 for SW Iflagliq=3 for LW Iflagice=1 for SW bmj opt. prop. (nam) Qconv=0.05 g/kg water and ice are added to the prognostic array aerosol gocart clim SW and LW cntl18 cloud fractions Xu and Randal (1996) ferrier opt. prop. (grrad) iflagliq=1 for SW Iflagice=3 for SW Iflagliq=3 for LW Iflagice=1 for SW bmj opt. prop. (nam) No conv clouds aerosol gocart clim SW and LW HOW TO COUPLE NMMB CLOUDS TO RRTM? EXPERIMENTS (II) gfdl cntl7 cloud fractions (grrad) Xu and Randal (1996) ferrier opt prop (grrad) iflagliq=1 for SW Iflagice=3 for SW Iflagliq=3 for LW Iflagice=1 for SW bmj opt. prop. (nam) Qconv=0.1 g/kg Abs= 0.8 water / 0.5 ice aerosol opac clim SW and LW

15. GFDL minus CNTL’s at 12 UTC LW down at ground GFDL –CNTL13 GFDL –CNTL14 GFDL –CNTL15 GFDL –CNTL18

16. GFDL minus CNTL’s at 12 UTC SW down at ground GFDL-CNTL13 GFDL-CNTL14 GFDL-CNTL15 GFDL-CNTL18

17. GFDL minus CNTL’s at 12 UTC LW TOA GFDL-CNTL13 GFDL-CNTL15 GFDL-CNTL14 GFDL-CNTL18

18. Anomaly correlation at 500hPa 6 cycles (00UTC) from 2009041100 to 2009041600

19. Mean bias at 500hPa 11 cycles (00 and 12UTC) from 2009041100 to 2009041600

20. Some thoughts • NAM with GFDL has shown cool biases • Are the biases in NAM with GFDL mainly related to: 1) simplifications in cloud geometry (cloud layer instead of model layer)? 2) simplifications in cloud optical properties? 3) GFDL itself? • GRRAD offers more sophisticated method to calculate optical properties for Ferrier stratiform clouds than NAM. However strong biases still persist with RRTM when combining GRRAD for Ferrier and convective clouds as in NAM • Since GFS operational uses Zhao-Carr-Sundqvist microphysics, the Ferrier option in GRRAD might not be properly tunned for NMMB • Methods for calculation of cloud fraction in the NAM and GFS-GRRAD substantially differ. Is it appropriate to use GRRAD method for the NMMB?

21. cntl19 cloud fractions As in NAM Ferrier ’04 Slingo (1987) Optical properties As in NAM Qconv=0.1 g/kg Abs= 0.8 water / 0.5 ice ssa=0.99 g=0.84 Homogeneous through contiguous cloud layers (trying to mimic NAM) aerosol gocart clim SW and LW cntl22 cloud fractions As in NAM Ferrier ’04 Slingo (1987) Optical properties As in NAM Qconv=0.06 g/kg Abs= 0.8 water / 0.5 ice ssa=0.99 g=0.84 aerosol gocart clim SW and LW HOW TO COUPLE NMMB CLOUDS TO RRTM? EXPERIMENTS (III) gfdl cntl7 cloud fractions (grrad) Xu and Randal (1996) ferrier opt prop (grrad) iflagliq=1 for SW Iflagice=3 for SW Iflagliq=3 for LW Iflagice=3 for SW bmj opt. prop. (nam) Qconv=0.1 g/kg Abs= 0.8 water / 0.5 ice aerosol opac clim SW and LW

22. Anomaly correlation at 500hPa GLOBAL 11 cycles (00 and 12UTC) from 2009041100 to 2009041600

23. Mean bias 11 cycles (00 and 12UTC) from 2009041100 to 2009041600

24. ACC 500 BIAS 500 From 2009050500 to 2009050912 10 cycles (on cirrus – mini parallel)(R. VASIC) With changes in shallow convective Clouds (Z. JANJIC) ALL TOGETHER 21 CYCLES From 2009041100 to 2009041600 11 cycles (on vapor)

25. CHANGES IN SHALLOW CONVECTIVE CLOUDS (Z. JANJIC) Plume style shallow convection From 2009041100 to 2009041600 at 00UTC

26. CHANGES IN SHALLOW CONVECTIVE CLOUDS (Z. JANJIC) Plume style shallow convection

27. OUTLOOK ON RADIATION (I) • New radiation module is coupled into NMMB. The code is rather clean and includes the necessary comments to understand the steps followed. The coupling was designed to keep GRRAD driver almost unchanged. • The tests performed showed very encouraging results when using a similar approximation than the NAM for cloud fractions and optical properties (cntl22). Anomaly correlations are slightly improved and biases are dramatically improved with respect to GFDL. A new option was introduced in GRRAD to handle this method. • GRRAD treatment of Ferrier clouds together with BMJ convective clouds showed similar biases than GFDL runs. I recommend further exploration of this option since ultimately could represent (if properly tunned) a better solution than the proposed here. • I recommend further testing of NMMB-RRTM, particularly at a regional scale, comparing and tunning with ground measurements. • Other changes are currently being tested in NMMB (initialization, convection) (Z.Janjic, R.Vasic)

28. Development of a mineral dust model coupled on-line to NMMb

29. NMMb/BSC-DUST (Perez et al., 2008) • NMMb ESMF The atmospheric part of the ESMF superstructure (Earth System Modeling Framework) Coupler DYN-PHY Dynamics export T, U, V, Q, CW, Q2, OMGALF, DUST Run PHY + DUST VDIFF, emission, dry & wet deposition, sedimentation Run DYN + DUST HADV, VADV,HDIFF Coupler PHY-DYN Physics export T, U, V, Q, CW, Q2, DUST

30. NMMb/BSC-DUST (Perez et al., 2008) • NMMb/BSC-DUST emission scheme • Soil moisture effects [Fecan et al., 1999] • Drag partition correction [Marticorena and Bergametti, 1995] • Threshold friction velocity [Bagnold, 1941; Iversen and White, 1982; Marticorena and Bergametti, 1995] • Horizontal flux [White, 1979] • Vertical flux [Shao et al., 1993; Marticorena and Bergametti, 1995; Tegen et al., 2002] • Viscous sublayer effects near the surface [Janjic, 1994] (DREAM + NMMb-DUST) w’=max amount of adsorbed water NMMb-DUST: DREAM: NMMb- DUST: DREAM: DREAM: si=relative surface area of each soil fraction Implicit in vertical flux NMMB-DUST: DREAM: NMMb-DUST: (DREAM + NMMb-DUST) KS=diffusion coefficient; ω=weighting factor

31. NMMb/BSC-DUST • Turbulent deposition [Giorgi, 1986] (DREAM + NMMb-DUST) layer between surface and 10m at top at viscous sublayer  factor G accounts differently for surface with turbulent regime and surface covered by vegetation  in the latter case accounting for Brownian diffusion, interception, impaction and small vegetation elements • Gravitational settling [Giorgi, 1986] NMMb-DUST: DREAM: Cunningham correction • Grid scale precipitation [Slinn, 1983; 1984] NMMb-DUST: In-cloud scavenging from grid-scale clouds and Below-cloud scavenging from grid-scale precipitation (snow and rain) (Ferrier microphysics) DREAM: Simple below cloud wasout ratio for grid-scale precipitation (Zhao microphysics) • Convective precipitation [Loosmore and Cederwall, 2004] DREAM: NMMb-DUST: below cloud wasout ratio for convective precipitation (Betts-Miller-Janjic) In-cloud and below-cloud scavenging for convective precipitation (Betts-Miller-Janjic)

32. NMMb/BSC-DUST (Haustein et al., 2009) • Global experiments • Global domain • 1ºx1º NCEP analysis meteorology data updated every 24 hours • Initialized at 00UTC • Non-hydrostatic • 1/2º x 1/2º model grid resolution • 64 vertical (sigma) layers • Dust cold start with “spin up” period of 3 days • SAMUM period in May 2006 • 75 sec model time step (dust is updated every 4 timesteps) • No wet deposition in this simulation (needs to be tested) • All results are preliminary!

33. NMMb/BSC-DUST • NMMb results I NMMb-DUST vs. NAAPS AOD

34. NMMb/BSC-DUST • NMMb results I NMMb-DUST vs. NAAPS AOD

35. NMMb/BSC-DUST • NMMb results II MSG dust image 20-05-06 12z

36. NMMb/BSC-DUST • NMMb results IV • very pronounced diurnal dust cycle • noticable variations in case of dust events

37. NMMb/BSC-DUST • NMMb results V vertical cross section dust extinction coefficient (Ouarzazate) 12500 10200 8900 8300 7600 6900 6100 5300 4400 3500 2500 1500 0 DREAM operational DREAM 8 bins NMMb-DUST 12500 10200 8900 8300 7600 6900 6100 5300 4400 3500 2500 1500 0

38. Outlook on dust • Update to the new version of NMMB with RRTM radiation • Nesting and regional domain will be tested • Convective dust transport is under development • Wet scavenging will be thoroughly tested • Extensive calibration and validation in the upcoming months • End of 2009 first global preoperational daily forecast is planned

39. Implementation on-line of a chemistry transport model

40. NMMB/BSC-CHEM Jorba et al. 2009 ATM Coupler DYN-PHYS Dynamics export T, U, V, Q, CW, Q2, OMGALF, DUST, CHEM RUN PHYS (Dust Emission, vdiff, deposition, chem emission, vdiff, photolysis, chemical mechanism, deposition) RUN DYN (DUST, CHEM hadv,vadv and hdiff) Coupler DYN-PHYS Physics Export T, U, V, Q, CW, Q2, DUST, CHEM

41. Developments started on December 2008 – Current Stage • Develop an emission preprocessor: • Input databases: • Global: RETRO, EDGAR, GEIA • Regional: EMEP, HERMES • Emission speciation. Ready for CBM4 • Coupled with NMMB I/O. Under development – first version. • Include in the CHEM array chemistry species for a specific chemical mechanism and solve the transport of tracers (same approach as NMMB/BSC-DUST). • Include a chemical mechanism (SMOG, CBM4) • Implement emission tendencies every chemistry time-step • Include a photolysis scheme (Fast-J) • Include vertical diffusion and dry deposition • Include wet deposition • Initialization process • Boundary conditions for regional runs • Include convective transport

42. Emission preprocessor • First approach: • Use the Prep_chem_sources package of wrf-chem to prepare emissions from global databases (e.g., RETRO, GEIA) • Create a binary file with emissions over a regular lat-lon grid • Merge the emissions in the NMMB domain • Useful for code development and tests of a first implementation of a chemical mechanism. • In a second step, a specific package to read emission databases directly from sources and introduce them into the NMMB grid will be developed. RETRO NO surface emissions RETRO Ethene surface emissions

43. Transport + emissions • Emission tendencies implemented • Read input emission files every hour, and constant emission every DT*NCHEM • E_CO [mol/h·km2] to CO[ppmv] Results of a test run of 5 days with only CO emissions activated

44. Photolysis scheme • Fast-J scheme selected (Wild et al., 2000) • General scheme coupled with physics of each model layer (e.g., aerosols, clouds, absorbers) • Can easily add new photolysis rates at negligible cost • Considers NMMB grid-scale clouds and NMMB/BSC-CHEM O3 Jno2 (1/min) at surface level Jno2 (1/min) at upper level

45. Kinetic PreProcessor • KPP v2.1 (Sandu and Sander, 2006) • Easy to implement • Wide range of chemical mechanisms (cbm4, sprc99, cbmz, strato., …) • Wide range of numerical schemes for solving ODE. • Easy way to incorporate new chemical mechanisms in the future. Input files: Output files: Fortran90 code solving ODE equations. Coupling with NMMB

46. Chemical mechanism • First step: • Implementation of a simple mechanism: SMOG (no coupling with photolysis) • Implementation of a widely used mechanism: CBM4 (Gery et al., 1989); coupled with Fast-J pholoysis scheme and emission module • Programing module_CHEMISTRY.F90 • CHEM_DRIVER called after NMMB physics

47. module_chemistry … !----------------------------------------------------------------------- !*** NOTE: THE PHYSICS EXPORT STATE IS FULLY UPDATED NOW !*** BECAUSE SUBROUTINE PHY_INITIALIZE INSERTED THE !*** APPROPRIATE ESMF Fields INTO IT. THOSE FIELDS !*** CONTAIN POINTERS TO THE ACTUAL DATA AND THOSE !*** POINTERS ARE NEVER RE-DIRECTED. !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! IF(RC_RUN==ESMF_SUCCESS)THEN ! WRITE(0,*)'PHY RUN STEP SUCCEEDED' ELSE WRITE(0,*)'PHY RUN STEP FAILED RC_RUN=',RC_RUN ENDIF ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! phy_run_tim=phy_run_tim+timef()-btim0 ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! !!----------------------------------------------------------------------- !!----------------------------------------------------------------------- !!*** CHEMISTRY !!----------------------------------------------------------------------- !!----------------------------------------------------------------------- !! chemistry: IF(CALL_CHEM)THEN !! IF(MYPE==0)THEN WRITE(0,*)'CALL CHEM_DRIVER',NTIMESTEP ENDIF CALL CHEM_DRIVER(NTIMESTEP,int_state%DT & ,NCHEM & ,START_YEAR,START_MONTH,START_DAY & ,START_HOUR,JULDAY & ,int_state%GLOBAL & ,int_state%INPES,int_state%JNPES & ,int_state%NUM_TRACERS_TOTAL & ,int_state%NUM_TRACERS_MET & …. • Module with all chemistry subroutines: • Chemistry_initialize • Chem_prep • Emission_driver • Photolisys_driver • Dry-deposition_driver (under development) • Chemical-mechanism_driver • others… (to be impelemented) • Called from module_PHYSICS_GRID_COMP.F90 • Subroutine PHY_RUN • Intput TRACERS_CHEM array and required meteorological fields for photolisys, deposition and chemistry

48. Module_CHEMISTRY.F90 ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- !*** CALL PHOTOLYSIS DRIVER !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! IF(LPHOT)THEN IF(MYPE==0)THEN WRITE(0,*) 'CALL PHOT_DRIVER‘ ENDIF CALL PHOT_DRIVER(NTIMESTEP,DT,START_HOUR,JULDAY & ,XLAT,XLONG,P8W,DZ8W,CLOUDMR,AIRDENSITY & ,relhum,z_at_w,T_PHY & ,OZONE_FLIP & ,ph_o2,ph_o31d,ph_o33p,ph_no2,ph_no3o2,ph_no3o,ph_hno2 & ,ph_hno3,ph_hno4,ph_h2o2,ph_ch2or,ph_ch2om,ph_ch3cho & ,ph_ch3coch3,ph_ch3coc2h5,ph_hcocho,ph_ch3cocho & ,ph_hcochest,ph_ch3o2h,ph_ch3coo2h,ph_ch3ono2,ph_hcochob & ,ph_n2o5,LPAR,JPNL & ,VALUEJ,COS_SZA & ,IDS,IDE,JDS,JDE,LM & ,IMS,IME,JMS,JME,KMS,KME & ,ITS,ITE,JTS,JTE) ! !*** PHOTOLYSIS RATES: ph_... units (min{-1}) ENDIF ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- !*** CALL DRY_DEPOSITION DRIVER !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! IF(LDRYDEP)THEN IF(MYPE==0)THEN WRITE(0,*) 'CALL DRYDEP_DRIVER' ENDIF CALL DRYDEP_DRIVER(NTIMESTEP,DT,NPHS,START_HOUR,JULDAY & ,XLAT,XLONG,T_PHY,MOIST_PHY,NUM_WATER,P_QC,P_QV,P_PHY,CHEM & ,NUM_TRACERS_MET & ,NUM_TRACERS_CHEM,AIRDENSITY,DDVEL,DRYDEP & ,IVGTYP,TSKIN,RSWIN,VEGFRC,RMOL,USTAR,Z0,Z_AT_W & !!! ,numgas (=NUM_TRACERS_CHEM) & ,LPAR,JPNL & ,IDS,IDE,JDS,JDE,LM & ,IMS,IME,JMS,JME,KMS,KME & ,ITS,ITE,JTS,JTE) !*** DRY DEPOSITON VELOCITIES: DDVEL units (m/s) ENDIF ! ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- !*** MODULE FLAGS SELECTION !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! LEMIS =.FALSE. LPHOT =.TRUE. LDRYDEP=.FALSE. LCHEM =.TRUE. ! ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- !*** CALL CHEMISTRY PREPROCESS !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! IF(MYPE==0)THEN WRITE(0,*) 'CALL PREP_DRIVER' ENDIF CALL PREP_DRIVER(PD,PT,GLAT,GLON,FIS,PSGML1,SGML2 & ,T,Q,WATER,NUM_WATER,P_QV,P_QC,P_QR,P_QI,P_QS,P_QG & ,PDSG1,DSG2,OZONE_PHY & ,XLAT,XLONG,P8W,PSFC,DZ8W,CLOUDMR,AIRDENSITY,RELHUM & ,Z_AT_W,OZONE_FLIP,T_PHY,P_PHY,MOIST_PHY & ,IDS,IDE,JDS,JDE,LM & ,IMS,IME,JMS,JME,KMS,KME & ,ITS,ITE,JTS,JTE) ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- !*** CALL EMISSION DRIVER !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! IF(LEMIS)THEN IF(MYPE==0)THEN WRITE(0,*) 'CALL EMISSION DRIVER' ENDIF CALL EMISSION_DRIVER(NTIMESTEP,DT,NPHS & ,START_YEAR,START_MONTH,START_DAY & ,START_HOUR & ,CHEM,NUM_TRACERS_MET,NUM_TRACERS_CHEM & ,INDX_NO,INDX_NO2,INDX_HNO3 & ,INDX_HCHO,INDX_PAR,INDX_CO,INDX_ETH & ,INDX_OLE,INDX_TOL,INDX_XYL,INDX_ISOP & ,E_TOL,E_XYL,E_HNO3,E_CO,E_ETH,E_PAR,E_HCHO,E_ISOP & ,E_OLE,E_NO2,E_NO & ,DZ8W,Z_AT_W,AIRDENSITY & ,IDS,IDE,JDS,JDE,LM & ,IMS,IME,JMS,JME,KMS,KME & ,ITS,ITE,JTS,JTE) ENDIF ! ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- !*** CALL CHEMICAL MECHANISM DRIVER !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! IF(LCHEM)THEN IF(MYPE==0)THEN WRITE(0,*) 'CALL MECHANISM_DRIVER',OZONE_PHY(2,2,10),CHEM(2,2,10,INDX_O3-NUM_TRACERS_MET),INDX_O3 ENDIF CALL MECHANISM_DRIVER(NTIMESTEP,DT,NPHS & ,T,START_HOUR & ,CHEM,NUM_TRACERS_CHEM & ,P8W,AIRDENSITY,WATER,NUM_WATER,P_QV & ,ph_o2,ph_o31d,ph_o33p,ph_no2,ph_no3o2,ph_no3o,ph_hno2 & ,ph_hno3,ph_hno4,ph_h2o2,ph_ch2or,ph_ch2om,ph_ch3cho & ,ph_ch3coch3,ph_ch3coc2h5,ph_hcocho,ph_ch3cocho & ,ph_hcochest,ph_ch3o2h,ph_ch3coo2h,ph_ch3ono2,ph_hcochob & ,ph_n2o5,LPAR,JPNL & ,IDS,IDE,JDS,JDE,LM & ,IMS,IME,JMS,JME,KMS,KME & ,ITS,ITE,JTS,JTE) ENDIF !-----------------------------------------------------------------------

49. CHEMISTRY TEST-CASE • First chemistry test: • Emissions turned off • No dry-wet deposition implemented yet • Photolysis scheme on • CBM4 chemical mechanism on • Initialzation of all chemical species at 1.e-30 except NO (20 ppb), NO2 (20 ppb), HCHO (250 ppb; formaldehyde) initialize at background low-troposphere levels O3 – HCHO at 9 UTC (meteorology of 4 february 2009): Initial concentrations in regions without RAD at 9 UTC Production of HCHO due to lumped chemistry of formaldehyde of CBM4 (we should expect loss of HCHO) Photochemical formation of ozone HCHO [ppmv] O3 [ppmv]

50. Expected model development on July 2009 • Develop an emission preprocessor: • Input databases: • Global: RETRO, EDGAR, GEIA (http://www.aero.jussieu.fr/projet/ACCENT/database.php) • Regional: EMEP, HERMES • Emission speciation. Ready for CBM4 • Coupled with NMMB I/O. Under development – first version. • Include in the CHEM array chemistry species for a specific chemical mechanism and solve the transport of tracers (same approach as NMMB/BSC-DUST). • Include a chemical mechanism (SMOG, CBM4,CBM05) • Implement emission tendencies every chemistry time-step • Include a photolysis scheme (Fast-J) • Include vertical diffusion and dry deposition • Include wet deposition • Initialization process • Boundary conditions for regional runs • Include convective transport