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FRANCO ’ S DICTATORSHIP

FRANCO ’ S DICTATORSHIP. Francisco Franco. Military man born in El Ferrol (Galicia) ‏ Fascist dictator: Head of State Head of Government Supreme General of the Armed Forces Entitled as “ Caudillo de España por la Gracia de Dios ”

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FRANCO ’ S DICTATORSHIP

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  1. FRANCO’S DICTATORSHIP

  2. Francisco Franco • Military man born in El Ferrol (Galicia)‏ • Fascist dictator: • Head of State • Head of Government • Supreme General of the Armed Forces • Entitled as “Caudillo de España por la Gracia de Dios” • 1947. Law of Succession: Spain became a monarchy: he would be regent. So... • 1939-1947: Spanish State (Estado Español)‏ • 1947-...: Spanish Kingdom (Reino de España)‏ • In 1969 Franco decided Juan Carlos I would be his successor after his death. • He controlled everything: army + high bourgeoisie + Catholic Church

  3. He had the support of: • Falange (FET y de las JONS)‏ • Carlists • Roman Catholic Church • other Conservative elements: (monarchists, nobility...)‏

  4. Falange's flag Carlist flag

  5. Isolation years (1945-1953)‏ • Franco and Hitler met in Hendaye to join the Axis power in the Second World War: no agreement was reached, but... • Franco sent military aid to Russia: Division Azul • Isolation years: 1945-1953 • UN resolution: condemn Franco's regime • Embargo and borders closed • Rationing cards • Autarky/Self-sufficient economic system

  6. Economic autarky • Subsistence: hunger + ration books + high inflation • Reduction of imports • Self-sufficiency • State-controlled production • State-funded industry • Construction of infrastructure (heavily damaged by Civil War)

  7. End of Isolation 1953-1959 and economic development: 1959-1970 • USA needed allies in Europe against Soviet Union (Cold War)‏ • US president and Franco met in 1953 • Spain received financial benefits and food from US • US received military bases (strategic location)‏ • Spanish government signed a concordat with the Vatican • Accept foreign investment promote industrialisation • Rural exoduscities looking for a job • 1970: tourism and industry increased • Better economic situation but still emigration • To France, Germany, Switzerland...

  8. Franco's last years 1973-1975 • His health was declining, so Carrero Blanco was named Prime Minister • Operación Ogro: Carrero Blanco killed by ETA • A commando led by Argala put a bomb under the road • Highly celebrated in the Basque Country • Taking revenge, Franco executed 2 members of ETA and 3 members of FRAP

  9. opposition • Sixties: • General strikes and demonstrations in the streets cruel repressive policy • Creation of ETA (1959) • Euskadi Ta Askatasuna: a Basque armed group created by university students: low-intensity war • With the purpose of fighting Franco´s dictatorship • To get the independence of the Basque Country • Other armed groups: Grapo, FRAP, DRIL • PCE fought from underground

  10. The hole left by the bomb Carrero's car after the attempt Argala Luis Carrero Blanco

  11. Francoism: characteristics • No political ideology • Military dictatorship • Strong authoritarianism, nationalism, militarism • No aims to transform society: conservative and traditional • Roman Catholic Church: nacionalcatolicismo • Rejection of Communism, Socialism, Anarchism • Rejection of peripheral nationalism: Basque, Catalan • No room for political opposition

  12. All opponents were banned and persecuted • Violent political repression • Towns and rural areas patrolled by Guardia Civil • Large cities and capitals by Policia Armada • Basque and Catalan nationalism oppressed • Their language forbidden • Left-wing parties forbidden (PSOE, PCE, UGT...)‏ • PNV went into exile • Brutal repression: by 1940 300,000 prisoners and 30,000 had been killed • Until 60's no real opposition apart from some isolated “maquis”

  13. Flamenco and bullfighting promoted as Spanish traditions • Football was also promoted to keep people happy • CATHOLICISM: the only official religion • Civil marriages were declared non-valid • Homosexuality: criminal offense • Divorce, contraceptives and abortion were forbidden • Traditional vision of women: (sección femenina)‏

  14. Franco died in 1975 Valle de los Caidos - As he ordered, Juan Carlos de Borbon became the Head of State in 1975, as “King of Spain” - In 1978 Spain was proclaimed a Constitutional Monarchy

  15. Let's see some pictures...

  16. Franco designed Juan Carlos his successor

  17. Francoist flag

  18. The last militants executed by Franco: 27-9-1975 FRAP members: -Jose Humberto Baena -Jose Luis Sanchez Bravo -Ramon Garcia Sanz ETA members: -Juan Paredes Manot “Txiki” -Angel Otaegi

  19. Franco's corpse

  20. A current picture: volunteers looking for victims of Franco

  21. Salvador Puig Antich: an anarchist militant killed by Garrote Vil

  22. Garrote Vil

  23. THE END

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