Getting to California

1. Ch 20 Sec 2: Early Battles (Asia) • The Fall of the Philippines – Attack hours after Pearl Harbor and fell to the Japanese within three months. General Douglas MacArthur was forced to evacuated but promised “I shall return” • Bataan Death March – 78,000 captured American troops were forced to walk 65 miles to a Japanese prison camp with many dying along the way (another rallying cry) • The Doolittle Raid– In early 1942 B-25 Bombers launched from aircraft carriers attack Tokyo and then crash land in China – first American attack on Japan (good for moral) • Admiral Yamamoto – planner of the attack at Pearl Harbor conceived the plan to attack the American fleet at Midway • Battle of the Coral Sea – The first “aircraft carrier” battle of the war where planes do the fighting rather than ships • Battle of Midway– the turning point of the war in the Pacific. Due to the breaking of Japanese codes America was able to defend Midway (near Hawaii) and destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers. Getting to California

2. Chapter Objectives Section 2: The Early Battles • Analyze how the Allies were able to fight a war on two fronts and turn the war against the Axis in the Pacific, Russia, and North Atlantic. • Explain why Stalingrad is considered a major turning point of World War II. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 3

3. Guide to Reading Main Idea By late 1942, the Allies had stopped the German and Japanese advance.  Key Terms and Names • Chester Nimitz  • periphery  • George Patton  • convoy system • Douglas MacArthur  • James Doolittle  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-1

4. Holding the Line Against Japan • After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, the commander of the United States Navy in the Pacific, Admiral Chester Nimitz, could do little at first to stop the advancing Japanese into Southeast Asia. • Japan attacked American airfields in the Philippines and landed its troops in the islands. (pages 618–621) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-5

5. Holding the Line Against Japan (cont.) • The commander of the Americans and Filipinos defending the Philippines, General Douglas MacArthur, decided to take his badly outnumbered troops and retreat to the Bataan Peninsula. (pages 618–621) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-6

6. Holding the Line Against Japan • Roosevelt ordered the general to evacuate to Australia. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-6

7. Holding the Line Against Japan Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-6

8. Holding the Line Against Japan • The Allied defenders of Bataan finally surrendered, and thousands died on the Bataan Death March to a Japanese prison camp. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-6

9. Holding the Line Against Japan Images of the Bataan Death March Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-6

10. Holding the Line Against Japan Bataan Death March intensifies Japanese racism Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-6

11. Holding the Line Against Japan (cont.) • In early 1942, B-25 bombers replaced the aircraft carriers’ short-range bombers because they could attack from farther away. (pages 618–621) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-7

12. Holding the Line Against Japan • Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle was put in command of the mission that bombed Japan on April 18. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-7

13. Holding the Line Against Japan • Doolittle’s attack on Japan made Japanese leaders change their strategy. (pages 618–621) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-7

14. Holding the Line Against Japan • An attack on Midway Island–the last American base in the North Pacific west of Hawaii–was planned to lure the American fleet into battle to be destroyed by the Japanese. (pages 618–621) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-8

15. Holding the Line Against Japan • This would cut American supply lines to Australia. • The plan failed because the United States had a team of code breakers based in Hawaii that broke the Japanese Navy’s secret code for conducting operations. (pages 618–621) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-8

16. Holding the Line Against Japan (cont.) • The turning point in the war came during the Battle of Midway when Americans shot down 38 Japanese planes and destroyed four Japanese carriers. (pages 618–621) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-9

17. Map 2-1

18. Holding the Line Against Japan • This stopped the Japanese advance into the Pacific. (pages 618–621) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-9

19. Summary and Study Guide 1