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Applied Informatics

Applied Informatics. Course 02 Basic Concepts. assist. eng. Jánó Rajmond, PhD rajmond.jano@ael.utcluj.ro. Informatics?. A broad academic field encompassing computer science, human-computer interaction, information science, information technology and algorithms.

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Applied Informatics

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  1. Applied Informatics

  2. Course 02Basic Concepts assist. eng. Jánó Rajmond, PhD rajmond.jano@ael.utcluj.ro

  3. Informatics? • A broad academic field encompassing computer science, human-computer interaction, information science, information technology and algorithms. • Studies the structure, algorithms, behavior, and interactions of natural and artificial systems which store, process, access, and communicate information.

  4. Definitions Data • values of qualitative or quantitative variables, belonging to a set of items Information • a sequence of symbols that can be interpreted as a message • can be recorded as signs, or transmitted as signals

  5. Definitions Informational system • an ensemble of elements involved in the process of collecting, transmitting and processing information Computer • an informational system that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations

  6. Hardware and Software

  7. Hardware and Software

  8. Hardware Configuration 1 – monitor 2 – motherboard 3 – central processing unit (CPU) 4 – memory (RAM) 5 – graphical processing unit (GPU) 6 – power source 7 – optical unit (CD, DVD, Blu-ray) 8 – Hard disk (HDD) 9 – keyboard 10 – mouse

  9. BIOS • defines the firmware interface • initializes and tests system hardware components • loads the bootloader or OS from a memory device

  10. Motherboard • main printed circuit board (PCB) • holds and interconnects crucial components: memory, HDD, CPU, GPU

  11. Motherboard • divided in two main parts: • Southbridge • Northbridge

  12. Motherboard Gigabyte Z87X-OC Force – 2.200 RON

  13. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Main characteristics: • clock speed (Hz) • no. of cores • no of. threads per core

  14. Central Processing Unit (CPU) fan heat sink CPU

  15. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Intel® CoreTM i7-4770K, Haswell– 1.500 RON

  16. Memory (RAM) Volatile data storage. Main characteristics: • clock speed (Hz) • type (SRAM, DRAM, DDRAM) • size installed

  17. Memory (RAM) Kingston 16 GB 1600 MHz DDR3 Non-ECC CL9 DIMM XMP – 850 RON

  18. Hard Disk (storage unit) Non-volatile data storage. Main characteristics: • type (HDD, SSD) • size (3.5 inch, 2.5 inch) • size (GB, TB) • speed (in RPM) HDD SSD

  19. Hard Disk (storage unit) SSD Samsung 840 EVO Basic – 2.700 RON HDD Western Digital 4 TB – 1.200 RON

  20. Size Does Matter… in Engineering! 1 byte (B) 1 kilobyte (KB) = 210 B = 1024 B 1 megabyte (MB) = 220 B = 1024 KB 1 gigabyte (GB) = 230 B = 1024 MB 1 terabyte (TB) = 240 B = 1024 GB 1 petabyte = 250 B = 1024 TB

  21. Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) Special processing unit for graphics. Main characteristics: • clock speed (Hz) • installed memory (GB) • I/O ports

  22. Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) PNY nVidia K2000 video card – 2.800 RON

  23. Still missing… Optical drive Power source Mouse Keyboard Case

  24. Monitor Dell U3014 30”– 5.200 RON Main characteristics: • size • technology • resolution • refresh rate

  25. Let’s connect the dots! Port/Connector: Parallel/DB-25 Use: Printers and other Port/Connector: Serial/DE-9 Use: Cash registers, POS, other Port/Connector: PS/2/mini-DIN Use: keyboard, mouse Port/Connector: Audio/Audio jack Use: Audio input/output Port/Connector: USB/USB 2.x, 3.0 Use: universal Port/Connector: VGA/DE-15 Use: Video Port/Connector: HDMI/HDMI Use: Audio + Video

  26. Blade systems • a single board populated with processors, memories and/or storage with networking capabilities • thinner and need less cooling than traditional systems • are more cost effective and consume less power • are designed to be stacked into existing cases and work together to form a single system

  27. Blade systems • Standard 19” cabinet • Incorporates equipment of different types (computational units, routers, power supplies, etc.)

  28. Virtual Machines • software emulation of a physical machine • offers support to replicate a complete machine with software • run multiple OS-s on a single device

  29. Identifying hardware configurations Using CPU-Z and/or the OS identify the following on your systems: • CPU name and maximum clock frequency • motherboard name • installed memory size and type • installed graphics card and memory size • screen resolution

  30. Let’s get dirty! Tasks: • Power off and unplug the computer • Unplug all peripheral devices • Remove side pane and expose inside • Unplug peripherals from motherboard • Remove RAM memory • Remove fan, cooler and CPU • Clean CPU • Apply thermal paste to CPU • Reassemble everything!

  31. Operating systems An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs.

  32. Operating systems Main functions: • provide communication between the user and hardware • control program execution • ensure optimal resource allocation • facilitate efficient data processing • ensure system security • enable application development

  33. Operating systems Main components: • core (kernel) contains the necessary programs for optimal resource management and for controlling the activity of programs and applications • user interface (shell) software interface that provides the user access to the services of the kernel

  34. Operating systems Most popular • Microsoft Windows family • MacOS family • iOS family • Linux family • Android family • MS-DOS • …and many more

  35. Operating systems

  36. Operating systems

  37. Operating systems 32 bit (x86) vs. 64 bit (x64) Do you have more than 3 GB of RAM installed? No Yes Install x86 Install x64

  38. Operating systems Disk partitioning • the act of dividing a hard disk drive into multiple logical storage units referred to as partitions, to treat one physical disk drive as if it were multiple disks, so that different file systems can be used on each partition

  39. Operating systems File system • file system (or filesystem) is used to control how information is stored and retrieved • without a file system, information placed in a storage area would be one large body of information with no way to tell where one piece of information stops and the next begins

  40. Operating systems File systems for Windows: • FAT • File Allocation Table (multiple versions) • max. file size: 4 GB • NTFS • New Technology File System (multiple versions) • max. file size: 16 TB (Windows 7), 256 TB (Windows 8) • usually faster that FAT32

  41. Operating systems Disk partitioning • always create at least a system partition* and a data partition • always format the system partition when reinstalling the OS * system partition should have at least 100 GB disk space for Windows 7 and newer and should be formatted as NTFS

  42. Installing Windows Install Microsoft Windows 7 with the following specifications: • 64-bit version • a system partition that is ½ of the total available disk space • two data partitions labeled “Personal” and “Work” that are ¼ of the total disk space each

  43. What did we learn today? • computer hardware configurations and components • PC disassembly, part identification and maintenance • operating system role, components and installation • file systems and disk space management

  44. Courses Available online at: http://www.ael.utcluj.ro/ Information for Students -> Courses -> Applied Informatics

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