Unit 8: The New South

1. Unit 8: The New South SS8H87: The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918.

2. Homework for March 7, 2013 • What are three present day businesses that were started back in the 1800s? • Think about businesses that you see in your community or businesses that advertise on television, in magazines or newspapers, and or on the Internet.

3. The New South Movement • Time period from 1877-1919 • Rebuilding the South’s economy (businesses), society (people), and politics (government) that were damaged from the Civil War • The New South Movement required 3 changes: • Expand industries (factories/businesses) • Rely less on cash crops (cotton) • Grow more food crops • Diversification= adding more industry + more crops. Making money on more than just cotton.

4. Henry Gradyhttp://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/henry_grady • Known as the “Voice of the New South” • Editor of the Atlanta Constitution newspaper • Grady traveled the USA informing people of the New South: Industry, diversified farming, and better treatment of African Americans. • He was able to attract new businesses, jobs, and investments to the state of Georgia from 1880-1889.

5. Henry Grady • Did you know the following places were named in honor of Henry Grady? • Grady county was created in 1905. • Grady Hospital was opened on June 1, 1892

6. 3-2-1 Response • What were 3 changes that were necessary for the New South Movement to take place? • What were the 2 changes that Henry Grady traveled the USA encouraging southerners to do in the 1880s? • What is 1 thing that was named in honor of Henry Grady in Georgia?

7. Alonzo Herndonhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alMl2Nj7Abw • From 1883 to 1927, he was the wealthiest African American in the USA • Owned the Crystal Palace Barbershop on Peachtree Street in Atlanta • Created & owned the Atlanta Life Insurance Company-still opened today in 17 states

8. Bourbon Triumvirate • Joseph E. Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John B. Gordon were all past governors of Georgia. • They were called the Bourbon Triumvirate. These 3 leaders wanted: • Stronger relationships with industries in the North to expand Georgia’s economy • White supremacy (the belief that the white is superior to other racial groups)

9. Bourbon Triumvirate Joseph E. Brown 1857-1865 Alfred Colquitt 1876-1882 John B. Gordon 1886-1890

10. County Unit System • The Democratic Party dominated the state of Georgia. • The Georgia Constitution of 1877 created the county unit system. • Under this system, the 6 most populated counties had 3 representatives each in the General Assembly county unit votes= 18 total votes. • The next 26 counties had 2 representatives each= 52 total votes. • The remaining 105 counties had 1 representative each= 105 total votes. • Rural counties with small populations controlled the outcomes of Georgia elections; thus people were elected to office without the majority of the state’s vote. • This system ended in 1963, because it was unconstitutional.

11. Tom Watson & the Populists • Small farmers, sharecroppers, blacks, and poor whites wanted a political party that would fight for their rights. • The Populist Party was created to cater to their needs. This political party was known as “the people’s party.” • Tom Watson was the leader of the Populist Party. • While serving in the U.S. House of Representatives, he was able to get the Rural Free Delivery (RFD) bill passed into law. • The RFD law requires the post office to deliver mail to rural homes free of charge.

12. Tom Watson & the Populists • Tom Watson & the Populist Party threaten the Democratic Party’s control in Georgia. • Therefore, the Democrats were pleased when he lost several elections from 1892-1919. • In 1920, Tom Watson was elected to the U.S. Senate, because he had changed his views and no longer supported the rights of blacks, Catholics, and Jews. http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/thomas_watson

13. Ticket out the Door: 5Ws • Who was Tom Watson? • Wherewas he from? • Whatdid he do during the Populist Movement? • Whendid he become a U.S. Senator? • Whydid he no longer want blacks to vote for him?

14. CRCT Practice Questions • Which statement BEST explains why the term Bourbon Triumvirate was most appropriate for Joseph E. Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John Gordon? • They shared a strong belief in white supremacy. • They ruled Georgia consecutively for a period of over 30 years as governors. • They were political rulers drawn together by power and political goals. D. They were known for excessive business practices and high profit motives. 2. The New South, envisioned by Henry Grady, would…? • Promote tourism B. Promote white supremacy • Maintain its southern heritage D. Compete economically with northern states

15. CRCT Practice Questions In 1895, Atlanta was host to 800,000 visitors during the 3 month-long Cotton States and International Exposition. This exhibition was a way to: • Showcase the economic recovery of the South. • Highlight the region’s natural resources. • Lure northern investors. At the 6,000 exhibits of the exposition, visitors saw new machinery and learned how cotton was made into marketable products. 3. The main purpose of the International Cotton Exposition that was held in Atlanta was to…? • Showcase the industries of the New South. B. Get ideas from foreign countries. • Showcase the cotton gin. D. Bring visitors to Atlanta

16. Segregation & Discrimination • Southern whites (Democratic Party from 1880s-1910s) wanted to keep African Americans from having political rights. • People feared African Americans would rule Georgia politics and gain social equality. • Different strategies were used to disenfranchise or deprive black men of their right to vote.

17. Disenfranchisement • By 1908, Georgia used ways to prevent African American men from voting: • Poll Tax = fee paid before a person could vote. • Literacy Test = test to see if people could read and understand the Constitution. • Grandfather Clause= a new law that said a man could vote if a man’s father or grandfather could have voted in a Georgia election before 1867. • White Primary= elections only white men could vote in.

18. Jim Crow Laws • Southern states passed Jim Crow Laws to separate the races. • It segregated public places (restaurants, trains, water fountains, schools, hospitals, theaters, pools, etc.). • In 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Plessy vs. Ferguson that separate but equal facilities were not unconstitutional.

19. Atlanta Race Riot of 1906 • In September 1906, both The Atlanta Journal & The Atlanta Constitution newspapers reported several attacks on white women. • These reports set off a race riot. • Angry white mobs of men went to African American neighborhoods in Atlanta, attacking people, destroying homes, and burning down black owned businesses. • There were reports that 15-30 African Americans were killed.

20. Black Leadershipin the New South Booker T. Washington • Encouraged African Americans to learn trade skills. • Skills = job = Economic Strength • Created Tuskegee Institute in Alabama • W.E.B DuBois • Disagreed with Booker T. Washington • Believed African Americans deserved equal access to political, social, & economic worlds of the South. • Education = Success • Atlanta University Professor

21. Lugenia Burns Hope • Created different community programs in Atlanta to improve the living conditions of African Americans. • Married John Hope, who was the President of Morehouse College in 1906.

22. Rebecca Latimer Felton • She was the 1st woman to serve in the U.S. Senate. • She campaigned for the following causes: • Anti-lynching • Prohibition (banning of alcohol) • Suffrage (women’s right to vote) • Anti-smoking • Anti-drinking of Coca-Cola • Child care • Compulsory school attendance • Admission of women to UGA http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/rebecca_latimer_felton

23. Leo Frank Case http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JYNeAJPMX58 • Who do you think murdered Mary Phagen?