The New South

1. The New South Georgia from 1877 to 1918 (SS8H7)

2. Bourbon Triumvirate • Named after French line of kings • Made up of Democrats Joseph E. Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John Gordon

3. Bourbon Triumvirate What did they want? • Stronger economic ties to the industrial north • To keep the old Southern traditions • White supremacy

4. Who was Henry Grady? • “Voice of the New South” • Managing editor of the Atlanta Constitution

5. What did he do? • Spoke to Northerners about a New South, encouraging them to invest in industries in the South • Praised new agricultural practices and improved race relations

6. Tom Watson and the Populists • Wealthy but concerned about Georgia’s poor and farmers • At first supported rights for African-American farmers but later was against all minority rights

7. Tom Watson and the Populists • Introduced the Rural Free Delivery bill (RFD) • Required the post office to deliver to rural addresses free of charge

8. Rebecca Latimer Felton • Wife of William Felton • Against the Bourbon Triumvirate • Wrote for the Atlanta Journal • 1st woman in the Senate—only for 1 day

9. Rebecca Latimer Felton Supported • Helping the poor and lower middle class • Women’s suffrage • Prison reform • Temperance

10. International Cotton Exposition • 3 months long in Atlanta • Planned by Henry Grady • Showcased the economic recovery in the South and the region’s natural resources to lure northern investors • John Philip Sousa wrote “King Cotton” for the event

11. County Unit System • Democrats were the only party in Georgia after Reconstruction • Whoever won the primary would automatically win the general election • The county unit system gave more populated counties more votes (38 largest counties had 2/3) • Opponents said a candidate could win without a majority of the popular vote

12. 1906 Race Riot • Newspapers carried false reports of assaults on whites by blacks • A crowd of over 5,000 whites and blacks met on Decatur St. • Riot lasted 2 days until martial law was declared • 18 blacks and 3 whites were killed; hundreds were injured

13. Leo Frank • Jewish Northerner who managed the National Pencil Factory in Atlanta • Accused of murdering Mary Phagan, a 14-year old employee

14. Leo Frank • Frank was sentenced to death but his sentence was changed by Gov. Slaton to life in prison • A mob took Frank from the penitentiary and hung him on a tree outside Mary Phagan’s house • KKK formed a group called the Knights of Mary Phagan

15. Jim Crow Laws Laws passed to establish “separate but equal” facilities

16. Plessy v. Ferguson • Homer Plessy, who was 7/8 white and 1/8 black, sat in the “whites only” car on a train tip in Lousiana • He was arrested under the Jim Crow Act of 1890 • His case went to the US Supreme Court who upheld the law • This promoted segregation, making institutions like school “separate but equal”

17. Disenfranchisement • It is the policy of preventing certain groups from voting • Ways to keep Blacks from voting: • Grandfather clause—if your grandfather could vote in 1867, you could, too • Gerrymandering—setting up districts to help certain groups • Voters had to own property • Poll tax • Literacy tests

18. Booker T. Washington • President of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama • Believed economic independence would lead to social and political equality for blacks • “Atlanta Compromise”—made a speech at the International Cotton Expo.

19. W.E.B. DuBois • Atlanta University Professor • Believed in social and political integration • Believed in higher education for 10% of African-Americans (“Talented Tenth”)

20. W.E.B. DuBois • Supported truth, knowledge, and action for blacks and whites to understand each other • Opposed the ideas of Booker T. Washington

21. Alonzo Herndon • Born a slave • Worked for his former master after the Civil War • Learned to be a barber • Opened his own barber shop--first in Jonesboro then in Atlanta • Opened a chain of barber shops in Atlanta

22. Alonzo Herndon • Bought property on Auburn Avenue • Started the Atlanta Mutual Insurance Co. • It became the Atlanta Life Insurance Co.—one of the largest African-American owned businesses in U.S. and worth over $200 million

23. John Hope • 1st Black president of Atlanta Baptist College (later became Morehouse) • President of Atlanta University • Under his leadership Atlanta University Center was formed

24. Lugenia Burns Hope • Wife of John • Civic leader • Pressured city leaders to improve roads, lighting, and sanitation in African-American neighborhoods • Organized the Neighborhood League, which provided • Vocational classes and clubs for children • Health centers • Financial aid for the needy

25. Europe 1910

26. Central Powers vs. Allied Powers

27. What caused the U.S. to get involved in World War I? • U.S. tried to stay out of the war • 2 Events Pulled Them in • A German submarine sunk the British ocean liner the Lusitania--128 Americans were on board; Germans agreed to stop sub warfare (for a while) • The British intercepted the Zimmerman telegraph—secret message from Germany to Mexico promising them the southwestern U.S. if they attacked the U.S. President Woodrow Wilson declared war

28. How did Georgia contribute to the war efforts? • 85,000 to 100,000 Georgians joined the armed forces • Training posts in Georgia • Camp Benning • Ft. McPherson • Camp Gordon

29. How did Georgia Contribute? • Textile mills made uniforms • Railroads carried arms, ammo., and soldiers • Farmers grew crops, tobacco, and livestock for the troops

30. How did Georgia Contribute? • People grew “Victory Gardens” to feed themselves, so more farm veggies could be sent to the soldiers • Women volunteered with the Red Cross, welcomed soldiers, knitted socks, and sold war bonds

31. How did Georgia Contribute? • 3, 000 Georgians died during WWI • 11/11/1919—Armistice Day (Veteran’s Day) • U.S. helped end the war because they sent large amounts of supplies and people to the Allies in Europe