THE NEW SOUTH

1. THE NEW SOUTH Late 1800’s to early 1900’s a time of HUGE changes

2. The Industrial Revolution • North • Major changes • Factories/mass production • Urbanization- old and new cities grew • Immigrants - many coming to US • Growth of Corporations • Progress and Inventions What would happen in Georgia?

3. Henry Grady • Editor of the Atlanta Constitution • Popularized the phrase “New South” • Saw Georgia’s numerous natural resources and raw materials • Timber, coal, and iron ore • Wrote articles encouraging growth in Georgia and Atlanta • “We have sowed towns and cities in the place of theories and put business above politics. We have challenged your spinners in Massachusetts and your iron-makers in Pennsylvania…We have fallen in love with your work. Henry Grady, “New South”, speech delivered Dec 22, 1886

4. Economic ChangeThe New South Movement • Promotion for economic change • New South prosperity plan: • Expand its industries • Rely less on a few cash crops • Diversification – Adding industry and • new crops to the South’s economy

5. GA’s New Industries • Cotton: Textile mills (Dalton-Carpet capital of the world) • Timber: Dr. Charles Herty develops a way to use the pulp from timber for paper products • Soft Drinks: Dr. John Pemberton develops a headache remedy that becomes Coca-Cola (Multibillion dollar worldwide company)

6. International Cotton Exposition • Expo was held in Atlanta • Promote Georgia,Atlanta and New South • 800,000 people over three months saw what the New South’s businesses were all about

7. GA’s New Agriculture • Food crops: peanuts, pecans, sweet potatoes, white potatoes, watermelons, and peaches. • Dairy: cows, milk, buttermilk, cream, and butter • Cash crops: cotton, tobacco, and corn

8. THE LOST CAUSE- Ways to keep the old way of life.Would there be political change or would the same people from the Confederacy remain in power?

9. Bourbon Triumvirate • White back lash-anger at Republican Party over war and Reconstruction • 3- Ga Democrats- leaders for a long time • Agreed with New South and industry • Disagreed- with social order changes • White Supremacists • Wanted to keep life the way it was

10. County Unit System • Way to give votes in primary elections • Each county got a certain # of votes • Counties- urban, town, rural • Person got most individual votes in that county got ALL the unit votes for that county. Bigger counties had higher pop, more UNIT votes

11. Social Issues • Racism • White Supremacy • “Haves and Have-Nots” • Education • Voting • Riots

12. Jim Crow Laws • Mandated segregation of races • State and local laws • “White Only” or “Colored Only” • 1883- Supreme Court- says 14th amendment ONLY applies to gov’t, not citizens. • “Naturally, you would ask, “Why?” The question would always come back that we were living in a country that had segregated laws. …You were not looked upon as having full • rights that all other citizens should have. … You have to watch your behavior.” Lillian Smith quoted in Remembering Jim Crow by William Chafe.

13. Plessy vs Ferguson • 1896 • Homer Plessy vs RR Co in LA • RR tried to make Plessy move from ‘Whites Only” car, he refused and was arrested • Supreme Court decided segregation was NOT against Constitution • Started “Separate but Equal”

14. Disenfranchisement • ACT OF DENYING SOMEONE THE RIGHT TO VOTE • Poll Tax- pay to vote • Literacy Test- pass reading test to vote • Grandfather Clause- only if person had a family member allowed to vote before 1867 could vote • White Primaries- only whites could vote in primaries

15. 1906 Race Riots • Series of riots 1898-1906 • Worst in 1906- started by reports of white women being harassed by black men

16. Working for Change • Booker T Washington • WEB DuBois • John and Lugenia Burns Hope • Progressivism/Progressive Movement • Rebecca Latimer • Tom Watson

17. Booker T. Washington • Born into slavery • Started Tuskegee Institute • Accomodationism- encouraged blacks to learn a skill- often menial- and stay with that. • Gradual equal rights for all- not forced or immediate. • Spoke at International Cotton Expo

18. W.E.B. DuBois • Educator, writer, college educated • NOT born a slave • Disagreed with Washington- wanted immediate change/equality • “Talented 10th”- only top 10% of blacks should go into higher roles in life • Niagara Movement Started NAACP

19. NAACP • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Evolved from Niagara Movement • Activists- get rid of segregation and discrimination

20. Alonzo Herndon • owned successful barber shops • Created the Atlanta Mutual (Life) Insurance Assoc (Co.) for black Americans

21. Leo Frank • Jewish man in Atlanta • Factory manager • Charged and convicted for murdering girl • Death sentence changed to life, kidnapped from prison, hanged • Pardoned 70 yrs later, janitor guilty

22. Tom Watson and the Populists • Helped Felton start- Populist Party • Political Party • Support farmers, agriculture • Wanted easier loans, lower interest, help for rural farmers(Farmers’ Alliance) • Got mail delivery to rural areas

23. Progressive Movement • Many groups trying to improve society- • Education • Employment • Farming • Housing • Women’s rights • -Child Labor

24. Rebecca Latimer Felton • Married to Wm Felton • Reformer • Supporter of Women’s Suffrage • Ended convict lease system • Supported Prohibition • 1st Women serve in US Senate

25. John and Lugenia Burns Hope • John: 1st Black Pres ofMorehouse College • First pres of Atlanta U.- 1st college to offer graduate ed for blacks. • Supported NAACP • Lugenia: created 1st women run welfare agency in Atlanta • Universal suffrage